Metaphor in Context

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1、MetaphorinContextMetaphorinContextJosefSternABradfordBookTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,England(2000MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinforma-tionstorageandretrieva

2、l)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinTimesNewRomanon`3B2'byAscoTypesetters,HongKong,andwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataStern,Josef(JosefJudah)Metaphorincontext/JosefStern.p.cm.``ABradfordbook.''Includesbibliographica

3、lreferencesandindex.ISBN0-262-19439-2(alk.paper)1.Metaphor.2.Semantics.I.Title.P325.5.M47S7420004010.43Ðdc2100-040221ForCheryl,myJulietContentsPrefacexiSourcesxixChapter1MetaphoricalCompetence1IKnowledgethatMetaphor,KnowledgeofMetaphor,andKnowledgebyMetaphor1IIMetaphorandContext-dependence:AQuickTo

4、uroftheArgument9IIIMethodologicalPreliminaries21Chapter2FromMetaphoricalUsetoIMeaningvs.Use36MetaphoricalMeaning33IIIfLiteralMeaning,WhyNotMetaphoricalMeaning?39IIIMetaphorical/literalDependenceI:Davidson'sCausalExplanation45IVMetaphorical/literalDependenceII:DavidsononReferentialDe®niteDescription

5、s,Malapropisms,andMetaphor55VTheAutonomyofMeaningandMetaphor60viiiContentsVIIsaSemanticTheoryofMetaphorPossible?71Chapter3ThemesfromDemonstratives77ISomePrehistory78IICharacterandContent81IIIDirectReference:SingularandPredicative83IVIndexicalsandtheParametricDeterminationofTheirReferents88VDthat-de

6、scriptionsandCompleteDemonstratives93VIDemonstrationsasPresentations95VIIDthat-descriptions100Chapter4KnowledgeofMetaphor105ITheContextofaMetaphor:Presuppositions107IIPresupposition,Belief,Pretense,andPresupposition117IIIUtterance-presuppositionsandMetaphor121IVIsKnowledgeofMetaphoricalCharacterRea

7、llySemantic?132Chapter5KnowledgebyMetaphoricalIAHistoryofSimilarityinContent145Metaphor146IIExempli®cation153ContentsixIIIMetaphorsofExempli®cation156IVThematicandInductiveNetworks169VLako¨etal.onMetaphor17