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1、LANGUAGEANDLINGUISTICS9.1:49-68,20082008-0-009-001-000249-1GrammaticalizationofDirectionalComplementsinMandarinChineseSu-miaoHuangandShelleyChing-yuHsiehNationalChengKungUniversityThisstudyexaminesthesyntacticaldifferencesbetweengrammaticalizedcomplementsandgeneralcompleme
2、ntsinMandarinChinese.Focusingonfourdirectionalcomplements─shang上(up),xia下(down),qi起(rise),andchu出(out)─weinvestigatethegrammaticalizationofthesedirectionalcomplementsinlightofimageschemata(Talmy1988,2000)andaimstoreviewHeine,Claudi&Hünnemeyer’s(1991)proposalofgrammaticalst
3、ructure.Theresultshowsthatthegrammaticalizationofdirectionalcomplementscanbewrittenasspacemovement⇒space→non-specificspace→time→status,whichisgenerallyinaccordancewiththegrammaticalstructureproposedbyHeine,Claudi&Hünnemeyer(1991).However,theadditionalstepofspace→non-specif
4、icspacecanbeobservedinthedirectionalcomplementsofmodernChinese.Keywords:grammaticalization,directionalcomplements,imageschemata,regularresultativecomplement,grammaticalizedcomplement1.IntroductionTheterm‘grammaticalization’referstotheprocesswherebylexicaltermsandconstructi
5、onsbecomepartofagrammarorchangeingrammaticalfunction.Hopper(1996)haspresentedasystematicdescriptionofthedevelopmentofgrammaticalization,andthesubjecthasbeenwelldocumentedintheacademicliterature(Meillet1958[1912],Lehmann1982,Peyraube1989,Liu1993,Liu,Cao&Wu1995,Heine,Claudi&
6、Hünnemeyer1991).ThepresentstudyexaminesthesyntacticaldifferencesbetweengrammaticalizedcomplementsandgeneralcomplementsbyfocusingonthegrammaticalizationoffourdirectionalcomplementsinMandarinChinese—shang上(up),xia下(down),qi起(rise),andchu出(out).Chineseverbstructurescanbedivid
7、edintotwokindsonthebasisofthecharacteristicsofverbsthatserveascomplements:(i)regularresultativecomplements;and(ii)grammaticalizedcomplements.Withregardtoregularresultativecomplements,thefirstverb(hereafterV1)andthecomplementareindependentandcandescribedseparately;forexampl
8、e,theV1chiandthecomplementbaoinchibao吃飽‘havehadSu-miaoHuang&ShelleyChing-yuHsiehenough’ca
