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1、Causation,Evidence,andInferenceInthisbook,Reissarguesinfavorofatightfitbetweenevidence,con-cept,andpurposeinourcausalinvestigationsinthesciences.Thereisnodoubtthatthesciencesemployavastarrayoftechniquestoaddresscausalquestionssuchascontrolledexperiments,randomizedtrials,statistic
2、alandeconometrictools,causalmodelingandthoughtexperiments.Buthowdothesedifferentmethodsrelatetoeachotherandtothecausalinquiryathand?Reissarguesthatthereisno‘goldstandard’insettlingcausalissuesagainstwhichothermethodscanbemeasured.Rather,thevariousmethodsofinferencetendtobegoodonl
3、yrelativetocertaininterpretationsoftheword‘cause’,andeachinterpretation,inturn,helpstoaddresssomesalientpurpose(e.g.,prediction,explanation,orpolicyanalysis)butnotothers.Themainobjectiveofthisbookistoexplorethemetaphysicalandmethod-ologicalconsequencesofthisviewinthecontextofnume
4、rouscasesstudiesfromthenaturalandsocialsciences.JulianReiss(PhD2002,LSE)isProfessorofPhilosophyatDurhamUni-versityandCo-DirectoroftheCentreforHumanitiesEngagingScienceandSociety(CHESS).Hismainresearchinterestsaremethodologiesofthesci-ences(especiallycausalityandcausalinference,mo
5、dels,simulationsandthoughtexperiments,andcounterfactuals),philosophyofeconomics,andscienceandvalues.RoutledgeStudiesinthePhilosophyofScience1Evolution,Rationalityand9Models,Simulations,andCognitionRepresentationsACognitiveScienceforthePaulHumphreysandCyrilleTwenty-FirstCenturyImb
6、ertEditedbyAntónioZilhão10Platonism,Naturalism,and2ConceptualSystemsMathematicalKnowledgeHaroldI.BrownJamesRobertBrown3NancyCartwright’sPhilosophy11ThoughtExperimentsinofScienceScience,Philosophy,andEditedbyStephanHartmann,theArtsCarlHoefer,andLucBovensEditedbyMélanieFrappier,Let
7、itiaMeynell,andJames4FictionsinScienceRobertBrownPhilosophicalEssaysonModelingandIdealization12Kuhn’sTheStructureofEditedbyMauricioSuárezScientificRevolutionsRevisitedEditedbyVassoKindiand5KarlPopper’sPhilosophyofTheodoreArabatzisScienceRationalitywithoutFoundations13Contemporary
8、PhilosophicalStefanoGatteiNaturalismandI
