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1、BilingualNarrativeDevelopmentinEnglishandJapanese—AForm/FunctionApproachMasahikoMinamiSanFranciscoStateUniversity1.IntroductionHowdoesaparticularlanguageinfluencethewayitsspeakersperceivetheworld?Oneofthelong-standingcriticaldebatesinlanguagestudiesinvolvestherelationshipb
2、etweenlanguageandthoughtprocesses.Thelinguisticrelativityhypothesis(Whorf,1956)claimsthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesthinkdifferently,andthattheydosobecauseofthedifferencesinthelanguagestheyspeak.Asubstantialamountofresearchhasbeenconductedonthistopic.Somestudies(e.g.,Bloo
3、m,1981;Brown&Lenneberg,1954)haveofferedstrongevidenceinfavorofthelinguisticrelativityhypothesis,whereasothers(e.g.,Berlin&Kay,1969)haveresultedinfindingsthatdidnotsupportthehypothesis,andstillothers(e.g.,Au,1983)haveevenprovidedevidencechallengingitsvalidityoflinguisticrel
4、ativity.Thestudyreportedinthispaperrepresentsanattempttocombinesomeaspectsof(1)narrativestudiesand(2)bilingualstudiesagainstthebackgroundofthelinguisticrelativityhypothesis.Studiesoflanguageacquisitionandlanguagedevelopmenthavefocusedincreasinglyonthestructuralaspectsofnar
5、rativediscourse(e.g.,Peterson,1990;Reilly,1992).Thedevelopmentofnarrativediscourseskillsdevelopmentisarelativelycomplexaspectoflanguageacquisition,particularlyforpersonsacquiringtwodifferentlanguagessimultaneously.Learningtheskillsfornarrativediscourseisespeciallycomplicat
6、edforbilingualstotheextentthattheschema(theorganizationofknowledge),whichprovidesaculturalframeworkofeventsandactionsandwhichaffectsmemoryencodingandretrieval,differsforeachofthelanguagesused.Thehumanmind,whichisinfluencedbyaschemaofprepackagedexpectationsorinterpretations
7、,seemsalsotobeundertheinfluenceofthespecificlinguisticsystemsused.Sincethelinguisticrelativityhypothesissuggeststhatthosewhospeakmorethanonelanguage(e.g.,bilinguals)mayactuallyhavedifferentthoughtpatternswhenspeakingdifferentlanguages,thisstudy,whichexaminesthesamestorytol
8、dbyindividualsintwodifferentlanguages,shedsfurtherlightonthevalidityofthehypothesis.Thepr
