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1、HaydenWhite,historyasnarrative:aconstructiveapproachtohistoriographyPage1of7PaulSutermeisterGraduateInstituteofInternationalStudies,GenevaDecember2004IntroductionInthisessayIwillarguethattheconceptofhistoryasnarrativedefendedbytheAmerican1philosopherofhistoryHaydenWhiterepresentsaconstructi
2、veapproachtohistoriography.My23argumentsarebasedonWhite’skeytexts:Metahistory:thehistoricalimaginationinnineteenth-centuryEurope(1973),Tropicsofdiscourse:essaysinculturalcriticism(1978)andThecontentoftheForm:NarrativeDiscourseandHistoricalRepresentation(1987)ontheonehand,andonmonographswhic
3、hinterpretWhite’sconceptofhistoryasnarrativeontheotherhand.Myessayoffersaverylimitedapproachinviewofthehundredsoftextswhichareavailable(butmostlydifficulttoobtain),butwithmysourcesIcouldgraspthetheme.Iconsiderfourparts:1)theoriginsandthecontentofWhite’stheory,2)howWhitecriticizeshistorians,
4、3)howhistorianscriticizeWhite,and4)whyWhite’stheoryrepresentsaconstructiveapproachtohistoriography.Inconclusion,Iwilllookattheconceptinalargercontext.1)TheoriginsofWhite’stheory.HaydenWhite’sconceptofhistoryasnarrative,whichhedevelopedinhisMetahistory,statesthathistoricalworksingeneraltaket
5、heformofanarrative,inthesenseofa“coherentand4orderedrepresentationofeventsordevelopmentsinsequentialtime”.Hesaysthatallhistoricalexplanationsarerhetoricalandpoeticbynature.51HaydenWhiteisprofessoremeritusofthehistoryofconsciousnessattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.2MUNSLOWAlun,Deconstru
6、ctinghistory,Routledge,London1997,p.195.3Metahistorysuggestssomething“beyondhistory”.WILSONNormanJ.,Historyincrisis?:recentdirectionsinhistoriography,Prentice-Hall,UpperSaddleRiverNJUSA1999,p.114.4THOMPSONWillie,PostmodernismandHistory,PalgraveMacmillan,NewYork2004,p.132.5WHITEHayden,Metahi
7、story:thehistoricalimaginationinnineteenth-centuryEurope,JohnHopkinsUniversityPress,Baltimore1973,p.ix.2PaulSutermeisterGraduateInstituteofInternationalStudies,GenevaDecember2004Theconceptofhistoryasnarrativehaswideimplications;itledamongotheraspectstoth
