《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比英文pptCh1

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1、Chapter7TheLogicOfSamplingChapterOutlineIntroductionABriefHistoryofSamplingNonprobabilitySamplingTheTheoryandLogicofProbabilitySamplingChapterOutlinePopulationsandSamplingFramesTypesofSamplingDesignsMultistageClusterSamplingProbabilitySamplinginReviewPoliticalPollsandSurv

2、eySamplingInthe2004Presidentialelection,pollstersgenerallyagreedthattheelectionwas“tooclosetocall”.Togatherthisinformation,theyinterviewedfewerthan2,000people.ElectionEvePolls-U.S.PresidentialCandidates,2004DateBegunAgencyBushKerry10/28Fox/OpinDynamics505010/28TIPP534710/

3、28CBS/NYT524810/28ARG505010/28ABC514910/29Fox/OpinDynamics4951ElectionEvePolls-U.S.PresidentialCandidates,2004DateBegunAgencyBushKerry10/29Gallup/CNN/USA5110/29NBC/WSJ514910/29TIPP514910/29Harris524810/29DemocracyCrops495110/29CBS5149ElectionEvePolls-U.S.PresidentialCandi

4、dates,2004DateBegunAgencyBushKerry10/30Fox/OpinDynamics495210/30TIPP514910/31Marist505010/31GWUBattleground2004524811/2ActualVote5248BushApproval:RawPollDataQuestionOneofthemostvisibleusesofsurveysamplingliesin_____________.politicalpollingprobabilitysamplingcoresamplingt

5、raditionalpollingAnswer:AOneofthemostvisibleusesofsurveysamplingliesinpoliticalpolling.ObservationandSamplingPollsandotherformsofsocialresearchrestonobservations.Thetaskofresearchersistoselectthekeyaspectstoobserve(sample).Generalizingfromasampletoalargerpopulationiscalle

6、dprobabilitysamplingandinvolvesrandomselection.NonprobabilitySamplingTechniqueinwhichsamplesareselectedinawaythatisnotsuggestedbyprobabilitytheory.Examplesincluderelianceonavailablesubjectsaswellaspurposive(judgmental),quota,andsnowballsampling.TypesofNonprobabilitySampli

7、ngRelianceonavailablesubjects:Onlyjustifiediflessriskysamplingmethodsarenotpossible.Researchersmustexercisecautioningeneralizingfromtheirdatawhenthismethodisused.TypesofNonprobabilitySamplingPurposiveorjudgmentalsamplingSelectingasamplebasedonknowledgeofapopulation,itsele

8、ments,andthepurposeofthestudy.Usedwhenfieldresearchersareinterestedinstudyingcasesthatdon’tfitin