英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译

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1、英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译Thefactisthatwhilewithoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.(Wilkins1972:11)翻译的基本单位不是词语这一层面，但是，透彻理解原文词语的含义并用准确的译文词语表达出来则是翻译的核心工作之一。G.Leech’sseventypesofmeaninginSemantics:conceptualmeaningconnotativemeaningsocialmeaningaffectivemeaning

2、reflectedmeaningcollocativemeaningthematicmeaningNewmark:Thechiefdifficultiesintranslationarelexical,notgrammatical,thatis,words,collocationandfixedphrasesoridioms;theseincludeneologismsand“unfindable”words.Difficultieswithwordsareoftwokinds:a.youdonotunderstandthem;b.youfindthemhar

3、dtotranslate.DictionDictionmeanstheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforthem.Word-for-wordCorrespondenceMarxism=马克思主义Aspirin=阿司匹林H-beam=工字梁o-ring=环

4、形圈u-steel=槽钢v-belt=三角皮带x-brace=交叉支撑y-curve=叉形曲线WordswithoutEquivalentsTeenagerClock-watcherAthrowawaysociety1.Determinewhetherthemeaningiscommendatory,neutralorderogatory(1)IamveryreluctanttogiveupanambitionwhichIhavecherishedforovertwentyyears.(2)ThedomineeringambitionofHitler’sGer

5、manywasnotsatisfied.2．JudgingfromthepartofspeechHelikesmathematicsmorethanphysics.他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词）Hedoesnotlooklikehisbrother.他看起来不像他兄弟。（介词）Likeknowslike.英雄识英雄。（名词）Wewillneverseehislikeagain.我们再也见不到他那样的人了。（名词）Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。（形容词）Theteachercann

6、otcitealikeinstance.老师一时举不出类似的例子。（形容词）3．JudgingfromtheCollocation“…whoisagoodChristian,agoodparent,agoodchild,agoodwifeoragoodhusband…”--VanityFair虔诚的教徒afaithfulChristian慈爱的父母alovingparent孝顺的儿女aobedientchild贤良的妻子avirtuouswife尽职的丈夫adutifulhusbandJudgingfromtheCollocationdelicateskind

7、elicateporcelaindelicateupbringingdelicatelivingdelicatehealthdelicatestomachdelicatevasedelicatediplomaticquestiondelicatedifferencedelicatesurgicaloperationdelicateearformusicdelicatesenseofsmelldelicatetouchdelicatefooddelicatefeatures4.Judgingfromthestyleofexpressionandaffective

8、difference(1).Wife妻