Cultural Translation

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1、CulturalTranslationBySamiraMizani,MATranslationStudies,FarsSienceandResearchAzadUniversityofIransmizani60[at]gmail.comCultureandinterculturalcompetenceandawarenessthatriseoutofexperienceofculture,arefarmorecomplexphenomenathanitmayseemtothetranslator.Themoreatranslatorisawareofcompl

2、exitiesofdifferencesbetweencultures,thebetteratranslators/hewillbe.Itisprobablyrighttosaythattherehasneverbeenatimewhenthecommunityoftranslatorswasunawareofculturaldifferencesandtheirsignificancefortranslation.Translationtheoristshavebeencognizantoftheproblemsattendantuponculturalkn

3、owledgeandculturaldifferencesatleastsinceancientRome.Culturalknowledgeandculturaldifferenceshavebeenamajorfocusoftranslatortrainingandtranslationtheoryforaslongaseitherhasbeeninexistence.Themainconcernhastraditionallybeenwithwordsandphrasesthataresoheavilyandexclusivelygroundedinone

4、culturethattheyarealmostimpossibletotranslateintotheterms–verbalorotherwise–ofanother.Longdebatehavebeenheldoverwhentoparaphrase,whentousethenearestlocalequivalent,whentocoinanewwordbytranslatingliterally,andwhentotranscribe.Allthese“untranslatable”cultural-boundwordsandphrasesconti

5、nuedtofascinatetranslatorsandtranslationtheorists.ThefirsttheorydevelopedinthisfieldwasintroducedbyMouninin1963whounderlinedtheimportanceofthesignificationofalexicalitemclaimingthatonlyifthisnotionisconsideredwillthetranslateditemfulfillitsfunctioncorrectly.Theproblemwiththistheoryi

6、sthatalltheculturalelementsdonotinvolvejusttheitems,whatatranslatorshoulddointhecaseofculturalimplicationswhichareimpliedinthebackgroundknowledgeofSLreaders?Thenotionofcultureisessentialtoconsideringtheimplicationsfortranslationand,despitethedifferencesinopinionastowhetherlanguageis

7、partofcultureornot,thetwonotionsofcultureandlanguageappeartobeinseparable.In1964,Nidadiscussedtheproblemsofcorrespondenceintranslation,conferredequalimportancetobothlinguisticandculturaldifferencesbetweentheSLandtheTLandconcludedthatdifferencesbetweenculturesmaycausemoreseverecompli

8、cationsforthetransl