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1、限制和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分,去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确;非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质,去掉了不会影响主要意义,通常用逗号与它的先行词分开. Theboyswhowantedtoplayfootballweredisappointedwhenitrained. Theboys,whowantedtoplayfootball,weredisappointedwhenitrained. 如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词,或是带有形容词性物主代词(my,his,etc)或形容词性指示代词(this,that
2、,etc)作限定词,其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的: MarySmith,whoisinthecorner,wantstomeetyou. Hermother,whohadlongsufferedformarthritis,diedlastnight. Allthesebooks,whichhavebeendonatedbyvisitingprofessors,aretobeusedbythepostgraduates. 在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人,用which指物,通常不用that替代. Myfa
3、ther,whohadbeenonavisittoAmerica,returnedyesterday. Allthebooks,whichhadpicturesinthem,weresenttothelittlegirl. 定语从句的引导词 that,who,whom:非限制性定语从句,如果修饰人,一般用who,有时用that(作主语时用who较多).如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,就应当用宾格whom或that,但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉,在口语中可用who代替whom. Hereistheman(whom)you’vebeenl
4、ookingfor. Heisaman(that)youcansafelydependon. Thepeople(who/that)youweretalkingtowereSwedes. TherearesomepeopleherewhoIwantyoutomeet. 但在介词后只能用whom: ThisisthemantowhomIreferred. 但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去,这时可用that,但省略时更多一些. Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspea
5、king? Haveyoumettheperson(that)hewasspeakingabout ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin. Thegirl(who/that)Ispoketoismycousin. 限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,也有时用which..当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时,在绝大多数情况下都是省略的,特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all,everything等词时): Haveyoueverythingyouneed? (Isthe
6、re)anythingIcandoforyou? Allyouhavetodoistopressthebutton. 在介词后只能用which,在口语中一般都把介词放到从句后部去,这时可以用that,但省略的时候更多一些: Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench. Thetool(that)heisworkingwithiscalledawrench. Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion. This
7、isthequestion(that)we’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout. 定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的,但间或也可以修饰整个句子a),或是句子的一部分b),引导词用which: Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem. Theactivitywaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwa
