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1、AttributiveClauseI.定语从句(形容词性从句)1.分类---限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:①限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开,引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略;②非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,例如:Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothstudents.Crusoe’sdog
2、,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.2.连接词---关系代词who,whom,which,that关系代词as关系副词where,when,why,that;关系代词(形容词)whose;3.解题原则---①保持主句的完整性并避免主句成分的重叠在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可8,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较:(1)Isthisfactory_______wevisitedlastweek?(2)Isthisthefactory_______wevis
3、itedlastweek?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.theone②判断先行词在句中担当的语法成分。4.that的用法---由that引导的定语从句:that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语。(但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语)例如:TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如:Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.②先行
4、词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如:ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen.③先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。例如:Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,例如:ThisistheonlyshirtthatIwanttobuy.8⑤先行词既有人又有物时,例如:
5、Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑥当句中已有who时,为避免重复。例如:WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?⑦用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等,代替when。例如:Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.⑧主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时为避免重复。例如:Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?Whichisthemachinethatweusedla
6、stSunday?如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用,则另一个用that。例如:Tombuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.5.介词+关系代词---不能用that。①介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如:That’sthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.②定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如:Thisist
7、hekeywhichyouarelookingfor.Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.注意:该结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which.86.定语从句中的主谓一致---关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如:TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisfromtheUSA.7.As/as与which的用法辨析---as引导的定语从句:①as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句,并
8、在从句中作主语、表语或状语,构成thesame…as,such…as等结构。例如:Ilikethesamebookasyo