定语从句语法(基础知识)

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1、定语从句Theattributiveclause（基本知识）从句的特点1.从句也要符合句子的基本结构2.从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的3.从句的关联词是从句开始的标志（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。how关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,whywhatThemanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisa

2、policeman.关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。（二）关系词在定从中的作用1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.which指物，在定

3、语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4．that既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientis

4、twhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.6.as在定从中指整件事情，或是指受到thesame,such,as,so等修饰的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。Asisknowntoall,Chinai

5、sadevelopingcountry.Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.7.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.8.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIl

6、ivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.9.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句，从句中的关系副词一定可以分解成“介词+关系代词”。Shanghaiisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，“介词+关

7、系代词”不一定都有关系副词替代。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.注意：1.介词+关系代词中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语与介词的习惯搭配，先行词和介词的习惯搭配，有时需要综合整个句子的句意。ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thema