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1、定语从句（一）一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词先行词是指被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词与先行词关系密切，紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句的引导词分关系代词和关系副词两种：关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代
2、词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词及其在从定语句中所充当的成分不同，定语从句中要选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但当介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语(1)MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.(2)Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人，物定语(1)Ilikethosebook
3、swhosetopicsareabouthistory.(2)Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语(1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(2)Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语(1)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.(2)Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语(1)Heissuchapersonasisre
4、spectedbyallofus.(2)ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略e.g.(1)Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?(作主语)(2)Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.(作主语)第8页共8页(3)Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.(作宾语)(4)Thisisthenewsecretary(who/w
5、hom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.(作宾语)(5)Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.(作定语)注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例(3)(4)）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只能用关系代词that。1.先行词是形容词的最高级或它的前面有形容词的最高级来修饰时。e.g.(1)Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagai
6、nstpollution.(2)Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。e.g.(1)Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.(2)ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.3.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。e.g.(1)Youshouldha
7、ndinallthatyouhave.(2)Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.4.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。e.g.(1)Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.(2)Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况1.先行词是one,ones,anyone时。e.g.(1)Onewhohas
