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1、FrancisBacon(1561-1626)Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。FrancisBacon’sLifeFrancisBacon’sThoughtsandWritingsFrancisBacon’sEssay:OfStudiesFrancisBacon’sLifeBaconwasborninaprominentandwell-connectedfamily.TemporarystayatFranceduring1577—1579,obtainingnewideasandthoughts.Bac
2、oncompletedhislawdegreein1582,andin1588hewasnamedlecturerinlegalstudies.Inthemeantime,hewaselectedasamemberoftheHouseofCommons.HebecameLordKeeperofSealin1617,LordChancellorin1618andwasmadeapeerin1618underthereignofJamesI.Hewaschargedwithbriberyanddeprivedofhisof
3、ficein1621.Forthenextfiveyears,Bacongotimmersedinthepursuitoftheliterarystudyandthescientificexperiment.Bacon’sThoughtsandWritingsBaconopposedthetraditionallearningoftheSchoolmenandproposedanentirelynewsystembasedonempiricalandinductiveprinciplesandtheactivedeve
4、lopmentofnewartsandinventions,asystemwhoseultimategoalwouldbetheproductionofpracticalknowledgeforthebenefitofmen.InTheAdvancementofLearning(1605),hearguedthattheonlyknowledgeofimportancewasthatwhichcouldbediscoveredbyobservation.Hechampionedtheideaofstatefunding
5、forexperimentalscienceandthecreationofanencyclopedia.InNovumOrganum(1620),heredefinedthetaskofnaturalscience,asawayofincreasinghumanpowerovernature.TheNewAtlantis(1626),hedescribedautopianstate,exploitingscientificknowledge.TheEssaysBacon’sEssaysThefirstversiono
6、fEssays(1597)containstenessays.Thefinalversioncollectsfifty-eightessays,coveringawidevarietyofsubjects.ManyofhissentenceshavebecomewiseoldsayingsintoEnglishlanguage.“Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset.”（美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。)OfStudies读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独
7、处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Question1:WhatarethechieffunctionsofreadinginBacon’sview?Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgementanddispositio
8、nofbusiness.Question2:AccordingtoBacon,whatattitudesofreadingarenotproper,ornotgood?Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomak
