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1、EssayReadingWhatisanessay?(Prose?)Anarticlewhichdiscussesatopic.Itundertakestodiscussamatter,expressapointofview,persuadeustoacceptathesisonanysubject,orsimplyentertain.Invitingustoenteraworldofthoughtandexperience,itpersuadesustoviewthingsinaparticularway.---directandex
2、plicit(expositionofideas)---Basedonfacts,dataandinformation,itismorefactualratherthanfictional.(Incontrasttotheimaginativefeatureofothergenres)Ithasuncertainstatusinliterature.TypesofEssaysNarrativeessays:totellsstories,chronicleeventsExpositoryessays:toexplainideasandat
3、titudesSpeculativeessays:toexploreideasandfeelings,lessauthoritative,lessinsistentArgumentativeessays:tomakeclaimsandpresentevidencestosupportElementsoftheEssayVoice(tone,attitude)---formal,dignified,elegant,solemn,allusive,authoritative,reversed,controlled---casual,inti
4、mate,andconversational,humorous,conciseandsharp,urgent,insistent,wittyandcharmingStyle:howdoestheauthoruselanguageinauniqueway---diction(individualchoiceofwords)formalorinformalwords,colloquial---syntax:longandcomplexsentences,orshort,simplesentences;parallelismandbalanc
5、e;rhythm,punctuations----figureofspeech:theuseofsimile,metaphor,imagesofcomparisons,etc,inordertoclarifyabstractideas,thoughtsandfeelings,andtoillustrateapointwithvividnessstructure:howthoughtconnectwiththoughtThought:ideas,views,arguments(Canbewithfeelings)梁实秋散文周作人散文余光中
6、散文余秋雨散文宗璞散文杨朔散文周国平散文OfStudiesbyFrancisBacon(1561—1626)Nametipsascientiapotestasest.知识就是力量。Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。Somebooksaretobetasted，otherstobeswallowed，andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
7、Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses.FrancisBacon(1561—1626)EducatedatTrin
8、ityCollege,Cambridge.representativeoftheEnglishRenaissanceStatesman,philosopher,essayistLordKeeperofthe
