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1、文体与文体学讲义第一章文体与文体学Inthischapter,twomajorconcernswillbepresented,oneisthedefinition,theorigin,goal,andprocedureofstylistics,anotherthedefinitionofstyle,whichisaheateddiscussioninacademicareas.PartIStylistics1DefinitionofStylisticsStylisticsinsimpletermsmeansthestudyofstyle.Widdows
2、on(1975:3),“Bystylistics,ImeanthestudyofliterarydiscoursefromalinguisticsorientationandIshalltaketheviewthatwhatdistinguishesstylisticsfromliterarycriticismontheonehandandlinguisticsontheotherhandisthatitisessentiallyameansoflinkingthetwo.”Leech,holdsasimilarview.Hedefinesstylis
3、ticsas“thestudyoftheuseoflanguageinliterature”(1969:1),andconsidersstylisticsa“meeting-groundoflinguisticsandliterarystudy”(1969:2)FromwhatWiddowsonandLeechsay,wecanseethatstylisticsisanareaofstudywhichstraddletwodisciplines:literarycriticismandlinguistics.Ittakesliterarydiscour
4、se(text)asitsobjectofstudyanduseslinguisticsasameanstothatend.Nowstylisticshasdevelopedintoaninterdisciplinaryareaofstudywithexplicitaimsandeffectivetechniques,andpromisestoofferusefulinsightsintoliterarycriticismandtheteachingofliterature.Englishstylisticshasdevelopedonthebasis
5、oftraditionalrhetoricwhichmaybetracedbacktoAristole’stime.Nevertheless,itwasthe‘threerevolutions’insocialsciencethatbroughtittotherighttrackandbroughtitaboutitspresentstatus.Oneoftherevolutionsisthemodernistmovementinartandliterature,lastingfrom1890tothebeginningofWorldWarII.Toa
6、greatextent,therevolutionwasabreakwithtraditioninthewaysitinfluencedboththecontentandlanguageofliterature.Fromthismovementonwards,creativewritersexercisenorestraintsonthesortoflanguagetheyuseintheirwriting.Inmodernistliterature,readerscouldfindmuchtosurprisetheminrespecttoconten
7、taswellaslanguage.Anotherrevolutionistheoneinliteraturecriticismwhichhashadaprofoundandradicalinfluenceonstylistics.Inthe1930’s,thecriticaltheorist,I.A.Richards,expressedhisdissatisfactionwiththosecriticsofhisage.Inhisopinion,theyseemedtobetoomuchpreoccupiedwithliterature’srolei
8、neducatingthereadersmorallyandemotionally.Hecal
