Unit 4 Life in the Mars--定语从句与后置定语

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1、定语从句与分词做定语在复合句中，充当用的从句是定语从句。☆被定语从句限定的词是，引导定语从句的词叫做和定语从句分为：定语从句基本结构为：形容词先行词关系代词关系副词限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句关系代词先行词+n/pron/句子关系副词一.定语从句做后置定语用法：1.构成：先行词+关系代/副词+从句2.引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,which,whose,who,whom,as；关系副词：when,where,why.3.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。（可充当主语，宾语，表语等句子成分）Thestudentwhoansweredthe

2、questionwasJohn.注意：关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.4.关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约（1）要看先行词是指人还是指物Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。（2）要看关系代词在从句中句法功能Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语

3、）I‘dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.（做定语）（3）要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)介词短语做后置定语介词短语做后置修饰语在意义上表示时间、地点、范围、类别、来源、动宾、同位等语义关系。例如：The weatherin Beijingis colder than that in Guangzhou.（地点）北京的天气比广州冷。Peoplein the worldplay basketball.（范围）世界上的

4、人们都打篮球。His lovefor his countryis very great.（动宾）他很热爱自己的国家。The cityof New Yorkis very large.（同位）纽约城很大。Helivesinahousewithbigtreesallaroundit.Theyofteneatdumplingswithseafoodinthem.ThegirlwithbigeyesisJim’ssister.Thebirdinthetreeissinging.ThemaninblackisMr.Brown,ourphysicteacher.Theladyinthecarisfro

5、mFrance.Themaninthehatinvitedme.Theboyinblueismybrother=Theboy(whois)inblueismybrotherThebookbymyfatherismyfavorite.=Thebook(whichis)writtenbymyfatherismyfavorite.Thestudentsintheclassroomarereading.=Thestudentswhoareintheclassroomarereading．Thebookinhishandisaninterestingnovel.=Thebookwhichisinhi

6、shandisaninterestingnovel.Helivesinahousewithbigtreesallaroundit.=HelivesinahousewhichhasbigtreesallaroundThegirlwithbigeyesisJim’ssister.=ThegirlwhohasbigeyesisJim’ssister.