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1、AbstractPragmaticfailuresofpolitenessininter-culturalcommunicationhavebeenverycommonphenomenaandtoalargeextentareinfluencingsmoothnessandeffectivenessofcommunicationseriously,whicharethefocusofthispaperconfinedininterculturalcommunicationbetweenChineseandEnglishnativespeakers.
2、Thispaperdescribespragmaticfailuresinsomecategoriesofpolitespeechactsandgivesanewapproachtoanalyzethecausesthatleadtosuchfailures.Intermsofdailyspeechacts,suchasgreetings,compliment,farewell,refusalapologyrequestandsoon,pragmaticfailuresinpracticeareillustratedandsimplydiscuss
3、ed.Inthispaper,themaincausesareclassifiedintothreecategories,whicharepolitenesstransfer,differentculture-basedcognitiveenvironment,andimproperchoiceofcontext.Theprototypicalpolitenessofindividualsininterculturalcommunicationwillbetransferredintothecommunicationconsciouslyorunc
4、onsciously.Theformationofcognitiveenvironmentisbasedonthenativecultureandthemostrelevantculturefactorsarealwaysplayingasreferencepointsandprototypetoinfluencethecommunication.Therelevantcontextwithoptimalrelevancewillcomeupfirstinone’scultureandplaystoproceedthecommunication.S
5、uchdifferentprototypicalunderstandingofcontextindifferentculturesandlanguagesinevitablyresultincommunicativefailures.Tosummarizefromanewperspective,thispaperexplorespolitenessfailuresinInter-culturalcommunication,presentsthediscussionofcausesinthelightofcognitiveviewandprovide
6、sareferenceforEnglishlearningandteaching,aswellasinterculturalcommunication.KeyWords:pragmaticfailures,politeness,cognitive,prototype,relevance摘要跨文化交际中的礼貌语用失误已经成为一个普遍的现象,在很大程度上严重影响着交际的顺利进行和有效性,这正是本论文研究的主要问题。本论文描述了几种礼貌言语行为中的语用失误,给出一个新的视角来分析导致这些失误的成因。本论文对日常言语行为中的礼貌语用失误进行了描述和简单地分
7、析,例如对招呼语,称赞语,告别语,拒绝语,道歉语,请求语等中出现的礼貌语用失误进行阐述。在此基础上,本论文将其主要的成因分为三类,即礼貌迁移,以文化为基础的不同的认知环境和不恰当的语境选择。在跨文化交际中,个人类典型的礼貌观念会有意识或无意识地转移到交际中来,也就是说不适用于二语的礼貌规则会迁移到交际中,从而导致礼貌语用失误。认知语境的形成是以母语文化为基础的,最相关联的文化因素总是作为参考点和类典型来影响交际。不同的认知环境导致对关联的礼貌语境的不同理解,因此这种不同的理解会引起礼貌语。不同文化和语言中对语境的典型性理解和构建不可避免的会造成交际
8、失误。总的来说,本论文突破传统的分析角度,从一个新的观点出发剖析跨文化交际中的礼貌语用失误现象,并在此基础上归结出三大成因