词汇学复习要点总结

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1、词汇学复习要点总结1.Worddefinition:Awordisdefinedbytheassociationofagivensensewithagivengroupofsoundscapableofagivengrammaticaluse.[P2]2.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary[P3](1)TheOldEnglish:449-1100,(2)MiddleEnglish:1100-1500(3)ModernEnglish:1500-present3.ClassificationofEnglishWords[P9]

2、(1)Byorigin:nativewordsandloanwords(2)Bylevelofusage:commonwords;literalwords;colloquialwords;slangwords;technicalwords(3)Bynotion:functionwordsandcontentwords4.Functionwords&contentwords[P17]Functionwordsareoftenshortwordssuchasdeterminers,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliaries,a

3、ndsoforth.Functionswordsbehavelikegrammaticalsignalsorfunctionalmarkers,expressingthekindsofcormectionbetweencontentwords.5.Morphemedefinition[P21]Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.6.Allomorphs[P22]Anallomorphisany

4、ofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.7.Classificationofmorphemes[P23]A.FreemorphemesandboundmorphemesB.Rootsandaffixes8.区分Inflectionalaffixes和Derivationalaffixes[P25]9.Definitionofrootstemandbase[P33](1)Root:Arootisaformwhichisnotfurtheranalyzable,

5、eitherintermsofderivationalorinflectionalmorphology.(1)Astemisofconcernonlywhendealingwithinflectionalmorphology....Inflectional(butnotderivational)affixesareaddedtoit:itisthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.(2)Abaseisanyformtowhichaffixes讦a

6、nykindcanbeadded;itmayalsobedefinedas"aformtowhicharuleofword-formationisapplied".1.Differencesofroot,stemandbase[P33](1)Anyrootorstemcanbetermedabase.Butabasediffersfromaroot,inthattheformerisaderivationallyanalyzableformtowhichderivationalaffixesareadded,whilethelatterisaformwh

7、ichpermitsnofurtheranalysis.(2)Abaseisalsodifferentfromastemsincebothderivationalandinflectionalaffixescanbeattachedtoabase,whereasonlyinflectionalaffixescanbeaddedtoastem.2.Definitionofderivation[P42]Derivationmaybedefinedasaprocessofformingnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement,su

8、chasaprefix,suffixorcombiningform,toanal