词汇学复习要点总结.doc

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1、词汇学复习要点总结1.Worddefinition:Awordisdefinedbytheassociationofagivensensewithagivengroupofsoundscapableofagivengrammaticaluse.[P2]2.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary[P3](1)TheOldEnglish:449-1100,(2)MiddleEnglish:1100-1500(3)ModernEnglish:1500-present3.Classi

2、ficationofEnglishWords[P9](1)Byorigin:nativewordsandloanwords(2)Bylevelofusage:commonwords;literalwords;colloquialwords;slangwords;technicalwords(3)Bynotion:functionwordsandcontentwords4.Functionwords&contentwords[P17]Functionwordsareoftenshortwordssucha

3、sdeterminers,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliaries,andsoforth.Functionswordsbehavelikegrammaticalsignalsorfunctionalmarkers,expressingthekindsofconnectionbetweencontentwords.5.Morphemedefinition[P21]Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflangu

4、age,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.6.Allomorphs[P22]Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.7.Classificationofmorphemes[P23]A.FreemorphemesandboundmorphemesB.Rootsandaffixes8.区分Inflectionalaffixes和De

5、rivationalaffixes[P25]9.Definitionofrootstemandbase[P33](1)Root:Arootisaformwhichisnotfurtheranalyzable,eitherintermsofderivationalorinflectionalmorphology.(1)Astemisofconcernonlywhendealingwithinflectionalmorphology….Inflectional(butnotderivational)affi

6、xesareaddedtoit:itisthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.(2)Abaseisanyformtowhichaffixesifanykindcanbeadded;itmayalsobedefinedas”aformtowhicharuleofword-formationisapplied”.1.Differencesofroot,stemandbase[P33](1)Anyr

7、ootorstemcanbetermedabase.Butabasediffersfromaroot,inthattheformerisaderivationallyanalyzableformtowhichderivationalaffixesareadded,whilethelatterisaformwhichpermitsnofurtheranalysis.(2)Abaseisalsodifferentfromastemsincebothderivationalandinflectionalaff

8、ixescanbeattachedtoabase,whereasonlyinflectionalaffixescanbeaddedtoastem.2.Definitionofderivation[P42]Derivationmaybedefinedasaprocessofformingnewwordsbytheadditionofawordelement,suchasaprefix,suffixorcombiningform,toanalr