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1、KeyPointsof"EnglishLexicology"Chapter4WordFormation(1)TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyonword-formation.Themostproductivemeansofwordformationareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.Affixation:30%-40%,compounding:28%-30%,conversion:26%,shortening(clipp
2、ingandacronymy):8%-10%,blendingandothersl%-5%・Rulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochanges.Therearealwaysexceptionstorulesofword-formation.4.1AffixationAffixationisdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingwordformingorderivationalaffixestobases.Accordingtotheirposition,affixa
3、tionfallsintoprefixationandsuffixation.1.PrefixationPrefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestobases.Prefixesdonotchangetheword-classofthebasebutonlychangeitsmeaning.Themajorprefixescanbeclassifiedinto10categoriesbytheirmeaning・1.NegativePrefixes否定前缀Ofthisgrou
4、p,un-isbyfarthemostproductive・2.Reversativeorprivativeprefixes逆反（反向）前缀Prefixesofthisgrouparerepetitionofmostofthefirstset.3.Pejorativeprefixes贬义前缀4.Prefixesofdegreeorsize程度或大小前缀5.Prefixesoforientationandattitude倾向和态度前缀6.Locativeprefixes方位前缀7.Prefixesoftimeandorder时间和顺序前
5、缀8.Numberprefixes数字前缀9.Conversionprefixes转类前缀10.Miscellaneousprefixes其它前缀1.SuffixationSuffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestobases・Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethegrammaticalfunctionofthebase,i.e.thechangeofthewordclasswithaslightmodificationofmea
6、ning・Suffixescanbegroupedonagrammaticalbasis.Ifwecallasuffixanounsuffix,thatmeanswhenitisaddedtothebase,whateverclassitbelongsto,theresultwillbeanoun.1)Nounsuffixes名词后缀⑴Denominalnouns从名词派生的名词Concrete:Nounbase~>ConcretenounAbstract:Nounbase~>Abstractnoun(2)Deverbalnouns从
7、动词派生的名词Verbbase->agentialnoun(行为者名词)Verbbase->abstractnoun,denotingaction,result,process,state,ect.⑶De-adjectivenouns从形容词派生的名词(4)NounsandadjectivessuffixesBaseTbothnounsandadjectives2)Adjectivesuffixes⑴Denominalsuffixes从名词派生的形容词(2)Deverbalsuffixes从动词派生的形容词1)Adverbsuffix
8、es-wise表示“方向”、“样子”、“状态”、“在…方面”,现代英语中最后一种意义用得比较多，女口：ostrich-wise像鸵鸟一样地sleep-walker-wise像梦游者一样percetage-wise就百分比
