词汇学期末复习--自己总结的,很好

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1、1Whatisthemorpheme?词素Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,/inthecompositionofwords,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Wordsareformedbymorphemes,awordmaybecomposedofoneormoremorphemes.Onemorpheme------fruitTwomorphemes------fruit+fulThreemorphemes----un+fruit+ful2As

2、ynchronicapproachandadiachronicapproachareapproachestothestudyofalanguage.3anallomorph词素变体isoneortwoormorecomplimentarymorphswhichmagnifiesamorphemeinitsdifferentphonologicalenvironments4Freemorphemesandboundmorphemes自由词素和粘着词素Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Aboundmorphemeca

3、nnotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme5Aroot词根isthatpartofaword-formthatremainswhenalltheinflectionalandderivationalaffixeshavebeenremoved.(itconveysthemainlexicalmeaning)6基本的构词方法：Word-formation（1）派生法-derivationDefinition:Derivationoraffixationisamethodo

4、fword-formationbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaffixes(prefixorsuffixorboth)orcombiningformtothebase（2）复合法--Compounding/composition定义Aword-formationprocessinwhichwordsareformedbyputtingtwoormorewordstogether.（3）转化法--Conversion/functionalshift/transmutation/zero-derivation其他构词方法（4）缩略法--abbrev

5、iation/shortening《包括clipping截短词(apocope尾,aphaeresis首，frontandbackclipping,首尾，syncope腰）initialism首字母缩略,acronym首字母拼音，blending拼缀词=telescopicword=portmanteauword》首字母缩略词不可以读出来IQ=intelligencequotientBBC=BritishBroadcastingCorporation首字母拼音词是可以读出来的，例如SALT、WASP，dinky拼缀法Camcorder摄像机=camera照相机+recorder录

6、音机（5）逆生法--Back-formationdonationdonateemotionemote（6）拟声法--onomatopoeia指wordscontainingsoundssimilartothenoisestheydescribe声音的来源有人类，动物，其他事物拟声词的作用：ImitatingthesoundandbeingusedasaverbImitatingthesoundandreferringtothethingmakingthesoundPrefixation前缀法Suffixation加后缀第四单元词义理据和词义的组成1词义：Therelationsh

7、ipbetweenlanguageandtheworldMeaning(concept)wordFormReferent(word,sentence)........objectintheworld词的无理拒性又叫随意性arbitrariness2Motivation理据istheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning（1）Phoneticmotivation语音分析例如themooofacow（2）Morphologi