中级微观经济学复习大纲

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1、VARIAN中级微观经济学复习大纲VARIAN中级微观经济学复习大纲2,BudgetConstraintDescribebudgetconstraint–Algebra:PXPYIxyB(p,…,p,m)={(x,…,x)

2、x0,…,x0andpx+…+pxm}1n1n1n11nn–Graph：DescribechangesinbudgetconstraintGovernmentprogramsandbudgetconstraintsNon-linearbudgetlines上图是基本的，税

3、收和补贴、QuantityDiscount，QuantityPenalty，OnePriceNegativeTheFoodStampProgram，UniformAdValoremSalesTaxes，都可以看做商品价格或收入发生变动，从而预算线斜率，截距发生变动。ShapesofBudgetConstraintsTheFoodStampProgramGwithaQuantityDiscountF+G=100:beforestamps.x2m=$100100Slope=-2/1=-2100Budgetsetaf

4、ter40food(p1=2,p2=1)stampsissued.Thefamily’sbudgetSlope=-1/1=-1setisenlarged.(p1=1,p2=1)40100140F205080x1VARIAN中级微观经济学复习大纲杨可扬3.PreferencesIndifferenceCurvesx2zxyxDescribepreferences：strictpreference;indifference;weakzpreferencey三大公理：完备性，反身性，传递性x1Indiffe

5、rencecurves(无差异曲线)无差异曲线形状很多：良好性状的、完全互补、完全替代等。Well-behavedpreferences：Monotonicity（单调性）:Moreofanycommodityisalwayspreferred(i.e.Well-BehavedPreferences--nosatiationandeverycommodityisagood).Convexity.Convexity(凸性):Mixturesofbundlesare(atleastweakly)preferred

6、tothebundlesthemselves.xx2Marginalrateofsubstitution(边际替代率)z=(tx1+(1-t)y1,tx2+(1-t)y2)ispreferredtoxandyforall0

7、使用的是序数效用论。单调转换的特性在解题中能起到简化的作用。ab常见的效用函数有：V(x1,x2)=x1+x2.，W(x1,x2)=min{x1,x2}.，U(x1,x2)=f(x1)+x2，U(x1,x2)=x1x2拟线性偏好在科斯定理那里有重要运用。Marg.Rates-of-SubstitutionforQuasi-linearUtilityFunctionsMarginalrateofsubstitution边际替代率x2dxU/xMRS=Eachcurveisavertically21

8、MRSfx().1-f(x1’)shiftedcopyoftheothers.dxU/x12MRS=-f(x1”)MRSisa这个式子推导：U(x,x)k，全微分：UdxUdx0constant1212xxalonganyline12forwhichx1isconstant.既然单调变换后表示的是同一组无差异曲线，当然MRS不变。x’x”x2111VARIAN中级微观经济学复习大纲杨可扬5.ChoiceRationalconstrainedchoiceComputingordinaryd

9、emands–Interiorsolution（内在解）–Cornersolution（角点解）–“Kinky”solution这章核心就是讲，在预算约束下，消费者最大化自己的效用。典型的是：MaxU(x,x)12s.t.PXPYI1122完全互补：把折点连起来，该直线方程与预算约束连立求解完全替代：U(x,x)=x+x1212谁便宜就买谁。**ambmCobb-Douglas