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1、RenaissanceFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumpto:navigation,searchThisarticleisabouttheEuropeanRenaissanceofthe14th-17thcenturies.FortheearlierEuropeanRenaissance,seeRenaissanceofthe12thcentury.Forotheruses,seeRenaissance(disambiguation).RenaissanceTopicsArchitectureDanceLiteratureMusicPain
2、tingPhilosophyScienceTechnologyWarfareRegionsEnglandFranceGermanyItalyNetherlandsNorthernEuropePolandSpainTheRenaissance(Frenchfor"rebirth";Italian:Rinascimento),wasaculturalmovementthatspannedroughlythe14ththroughthe17thcentury,beginninginItalyinthelateMiddleAgesandlaterspreadingtotherestofE
3、urope.Itencompassedtherevivaloflearningbasedonclassicalsources,theriseofcourtlyandpapalpatronage,thedevelopmentofperspectiveinpainting,andadvancementsinscience.[1]TheRenaissancehadwide-rangingconsequencesinallintellectualpursuits,butisperhapsbestknownforitsartisticaspectandthecontributionsofs
4、uchpolymathsasLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelo,whohaveinspiredtheterm"Renaissancemen".[2][3]Thereisageneral—thoughbynomeansunchallenged—consensusthattheRenaissancebeganinFlorenceinthefourteenthcentury.[4]Varioustheorieshavebeenproposedtoexplainitsoriginandcharacteristics,focusingonanassortmento
5、ffactors,includingthesocialandcivicpeculiaritiesofFlorenceatthistimeincludingitspoliticalstructureandthepatronageofitsdominantfamily,theMedici.TheRenaissancehasalongandcomplexhistoriography,andtherehasalwaysbeendebateamonghistoriansastotheusefulnessoftheRenaissanceasatermandasahistoricalage.[
6、1]SomehavecalledintoquestionwhethertheRenaissancereallywasacultural"advance"fromtheMiddleAges,insteadseeingitasaperiodofpessimismandnostalgiafortheclassicalage.[5]Whilenineteenth-centuryhistorianswerekeentoemphasisethattheRenaissancerepresentedaclear"break"fromMedievalthoughtandpractice,somem
7、odernhistorianshaveinsteadfocusedonthecontinuitybetweenthetwoeras.[6]Indeed,itisnowusuallyconsideredincorrecttoclassifyanyhistoricalperiodas"better"or"worse",leadingsometocallforanendtotheuseoftheterm,whichtheyseeasaproductofpresentism.[7]The
