英国文学史及选读课件_4_The_Renaissance.ppt

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1、Unit4TheRenaissanceI.BackgroundII.ShakespeareBackgroundTheRenaissanceisanepoch时期，时代ofsocialandculturaldevelopmentnotonlyforallWesternEuropebutalsoforEngland.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinEnglandineveryaspect.A.Politically:a.Theabsolutemonarchy君主专制政体wasformedinEngland.KingHenryVIIIb

2、rokeoffwiththePope(天主教)教皇;罗马教皇sothatthesecular现世的;世俗的;非宗教的andreligiouspowerwasconsolidated合并,联合,统一underoneking.b.TheoldEnglisharistocracy贵族wastakentheplacebyanewnobilitytotallydependentontheking’spower.c.Theclassofbourgeoisiecomposedof由…组成，构成therichmerchantsandhandicraftsmen手工业者l

3、ivinginthecitiescameintobeing出现，形成.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationofcapitalism.B.Economically:a.Manufactoriesweredevelopingandthewooltradewasrapidlygrowing.Thelarge-scaleenclosure圈地;围场ofcommonlandIt’satimecalledby

4、ThomasMore“sheepdevoured吞食men”period.b.ThevictoryoverSpanconsolidated巩固，加强GreatBritain’srightonthehighseas公海andinworldtrade.Theuprisingsofpeasants农民,佃农wereruthlessly无情地;冷酷地;残忍地suppressed压制，镇压.C.Socially:TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnat

5、ionalstate,thisperiodismarkedbyaflourishing茂盛，繁荣，兴旺ofnationalcultureknownasRenaissance.D.Culturally:*Renaissancea.“renaissance”―aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”,“revival苏醒；复活；复兴”b.itisfirstusedtoindicatearevivalofclassical(GreekandRome)artsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscuran

6、tism蒙昧主义.c.NowitisusedtoindicatetheintellectualandliterarymovementoverEuropefromthe14thtotheearly17thcentury.RenaissanceRenaissanced.AgreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.e.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.*HumanismThestudyandpr

7、opagation增殖，繁殖,广传，传播ofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressive进步的;先进的;革新的thinkersofhumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical基督教会的；教士的knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation释放,解放ofmanfromthetyranny暴政，专制ofthechurchandrel

8、igiousdogmas教条.*Manisthemeasureofallthin