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1、Unit2LiteratureoftheRenaissance&ReligiousReformationFThereason:AnaturalcorollaryofpopulardisaffectionwithdepravityandcorruptionofCatholicchurchandtheholyclericsaswellasthedesireandangeronthepartofmoreenlightenedmindsforreformandimprovement.StartinginGermanybyMa
2、rtinLuther,echoedpositivelythroughoutmanyEuropeanareasFTheProtestants:theLutherians,theCalvinists,…FThemajordoctrines:thepurityofchurchandthesimplificationofjudgmentbyGodthroughfaithwithnomediationfromchurchorpriestFThecontribution:emancipationofman’smindfromre
3、ligioustyrannyandfanaticism;affirmationoftheconsiderableprogressofman’epistemology;facilitationofindividualexpressionandcriticalthinking&RenaissancegiantsofWestEuropeBasicknowledge:•14thcenturyinItaly•TherevivalorrebirthofGreekandRomanlearning:art,literature,ph
4、ilosophy,thinking,…•Newviewoflife,newoutlookontheworld,newattitudetowardlivingRenaissanceageMedievalagetheexaltationofmanandabsorptioninearthlylifeTheinterestinGodandlifeafterdeathThedominanceofMaterialisticphilosophyandscientificthoughtThepopularityofreligious
5、mysticismandfanaticismandsuperstitionaswellaschurchdogmasExplorationoftheinfinitecapabilitiesofmantoconquerallsectorsoftheuniverse;theappearanceofindividualexpressionandcriticalthinkingMan’sservitudeundertheomnipotenceandomniscienceofGod;totalsubmissionandaccep
6、tanceinfaceofthechurchandotherformsofexternalpowerandcontrol;theuniverseismysteriousandunknowntomanHumanists:aggressive,ambitious,adventurous,confident,acquisitive,dynamic;…Medievalmind:submissive,conservative,superstitious,restrictive,…vItalyPetrarchBoccaccioA
7、riostoTassovFranceMontaigneRabelaisvGermanyHollandMartinLutherErasmusvSpainCervantesvEnglandThomasMoreMarloweShakespeareProgressivestanding:•Abolitionofprivateownership•Noidlenessbutparticipationinphysicallabor•Noexploitativemonarchybutequalityanddemocracyinsoc
8、ialrelationship•Socializationofproductionanddistribution•Publiceducationonthebasisofrationalism•Condemnationoftheall-powerfulmoney•Religioustolerance•Oppositiontoasceticisma
