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1、SignSystemsStudies30.2,2002TranslationastranslatingasculturePeeterToropDeptartmentofSemiotics,UniversityofTartu,Tiigi78,Tartu50410,Estoniae-mail:torop@ut.eeAbstract.Themostcommondifficultyintranslationstudieshastraditionallybeenthedilemmabetweenthehistoricalandsynchronicapproach
2、esintheanalysisanddescriptionofthecultureoftranslation.Ontheonehandthecultureoftranslationmightbepresentedasthesumofvariouskindsoftranslatedtexts(repertoireofculture),ontheotherhanditmightbedescribedasthehierarchyofthevarioustypesoftranslationsthemselves.Thefirstapproachassumesp
3、lentyoflanguagesforsuchdescription,inthelatteronesuggestsonlyonelanguageforthesamerepresentation.Aculturalcriticfacesthesameproblems.Intheseperspectivesthetranslationrevealsimportantmechanismsoftheperformanceofculture.Firstofallitisthesemioticinter-pretationofthetheoryoftranslat
4、ion,introducedbythenumberofscientistsbeginningwithR.JakobsonandincludingU.Ecowhoputtogetherinter-linguistic,intra-linguistic,andinter-semiotictranslations,socrucialforthefurtherunderstandingofculture.Asaresult,thegeneralnotionofculturemightbedescribedastheprocessoftotaltranslati
5、on.Andsecondly,theothervaluablecontributiontothetheoryoftranslationhasbeenmadebybothM.BakhtinandJ.Lotmanintermsofthesynthesisoftwotraditionsinsemioticsofcultureresultedinjuxtaposingsuchnotionsasdialogismandautonomy—creolization,polyphony,counterword,andtranslation.Translatingasa
6、nactivityandtranslationastheresultofthisactivityareinseparablefromtheconceptofculture.Thetranslationalcapacityofcultureisanimportantcriterionofculture’sspecificity.Cultureoperateslargelythroughtranslationalactivity,sinceonlybytheinclu-sionofnewtextsintoculturecanthecultureunderg
7、oinnovationaswellasperceiveitsspecificity.Aftertheexpansionoftheparadigmofpostcolonialandtherelatedfieldofgenderstudiesintotranslationstudies,theborderlinebetweenculturestudiesandtranslationstudieshasbecomefuzzier,yetatthesametime,therehasemergedavisible594PeeterToropcomplementa
8、rity.Ontheonehand,bytheturnofthecentury,theunde
