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1、2014职称英语教材理工类B级新增文章一、阅读判断第8篇：WhatIsaDream?(B级)WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportemtpartofourlives.Infa
2、ct,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutapersorfsmindandemotions.Beforemodemtimes,iiaypeoplethoughtthatdrcamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablytho
3、firstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretstionofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionsofapersorfswishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatrist
4、CarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud，s.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthatt
5、heyhavetoohighonopinionofthemselves-Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodrcamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believ
6、esthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson"sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbotwoondreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentaiskilltha
7、tneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen，sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedr
8、eamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodemandtraditionalones-Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistsconti
