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1、2014职称英语教材理工类B级新增文章准备考2015年的职称英语，建了个群，可以一起交流群号：154248692 154249682一、阅读判断第8篇：WhatIsaDream?（B级）WhatIsaDream? Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Some psychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,t
2、hinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions. Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway. The
3、Austrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreams scientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreams areanexpressionsofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthe feelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheya
4、reafraidtoexpressinreallife. TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.For
5、example,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves. Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample, psychologistWilliamDomhoff
6、fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreams aretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,might dreamaboutcrime. Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadul
7、ts.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop. Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sd
8、reams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodemandtr
