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1、InternationalSecurity,DefenceEconomicsandThePowersofNationsRonSmithBirkbeckCollege,UniversityofLondonPreparedforMeetingontheEconomicsofInternationalSecurityGrenoble,March16-172007VeryPreliminaryNotesforConferencePresentationIntroductionThetitleisnotmine,
2、liketheotherspeakersIwasgivenitbyJacquesFontanel.BeinganEnglishempiricist,Iprefernarrowtechnicalquestions,whereyoucanlookattheevidence.ButsinceIcannotresistachallenge,IwilltrytoseeifIcansoundlikeaFrenchphilosophe,talkingaboutthecentralprobematiqueofInter
3、nationalSecurity,thepoweroftheNationStateandallthatsortofstuff.However,IshouldwarnyouthatwhenEnglishempiriciststrytoadoptFrenchtheoreticalwings,theytendtosplashdowninthemiddleoftheChannel,asIfearImaydo,notquitemakingthetransitionfromtheempiricaldetailtot
4、hemeaningofitall.Ihavealwaysseendefenceeconomicsnotasasubject,butasaseriesofquestionsthatariseintheintersectionbetweenthespheresofstrategy(theartofageneral,thespecialistintheuseofforce)andthesphereofeconomy(theprocessesofproduction,distributionandincenti
5、vesinexchange).Thisoverlapbetweeneconomicsandstrategyoccursattheindividual,thenationalandthesystemiclevels.Thisintersectionoroverlapisacontestedterrainsinceeconomistsandstrategicstudiesspecialistsbringverydifferentpresuppositionstotheparty.Defenceeconomi
6、csmuststudyandtakeaccountoftherealitiesofstrategy,butthemodelsitbringstothepartyarethoseofaneconomist.Idonotapologiseforthat,oneofthedominantfiguresinmodernnuclearstrategy,wasThomasSchelling,whodrewoneconomicmodels,seehisNobelPrizelectureSchelling(2006).
7、Iamgoingtouseaverysimpleframeworktotryandorganisealotofquestionsaboutdefenceeconomics.Theframeworkistheinteractionbetweenthespheresofeconomyandstrategy,producingasoneoutputsecurityorinsecurity,happeningatanindividual,nationalandsystemiclevel.SecurityTheD
8、efinitionofSecurityWeneedtobequitespecificaboutsecurity,sinceithasavarietyofmeanings.Individualsaresecureiftheycanhavereasonableconfidenceintheirsafetyandtheirabilitytomeetthebasicneedsthatallowthemtopursueareasonablelife.
