【国防经济学英文论文】Defence Economics and the Industrial Base

《【国防经济学英文论文】Defence Economics and the Industrial Base》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、DefenceEconomicsandtheIndustrialBaseKeithHartleyCentreforDefenceEconomicsUniversityofYorkEnglandIntroduction:DefenceIndustriesAdjustingtoChangeDisarmamentsincetheendoftheColdWarhasledtomajorchangesinthesizeandstructureofdefenceindustries.Changehasbeencharacterisedby‘downsizing,’mergersa

2、ndexitsassociatedwithjoblosses,plantclosuresandthesearchfornewmarkets,includingarmsexportmarkets.Technicalchangehasalsoimpactedondefenceindustriesthroughcreatingrequirementsfornewweapons(eg.unmannedcombatairvehiclesandtherevolutioninmilitaryaffairs)andnewformsofindustrialorganisation(eg

3、.E-commerceandglobalisation).Defenceeconomicsfocusesontheneedfordifficultchoicesinaworldofuncertainty.Thedefenceeconomicsproblemarisesfromtwopressures.First,decliningdefencebudgets;andsecond,risingequipmentcosts.Bothpressuresmeanthatdefencepolicy-makerscannotavoidtheneedforsomedifficult

4、choices.Economistscancontributetothepolicydebatebyidentifyingtherangeofchoicesandtheimplicationsofvariouspolicyoptions.Forexample,withfurtherreductionsindefencebudgets,anationmighthavetoabandonaworld-wideroleforitsArmedForces;oritmighthavetochoosebetweenamodernairforceandasmallernavyand

5、army;oritmighthavetorelymoreonreserveforces;oritmighthavetoabandonsupportforitsnationaldefenceindustrialbase.Thisarticleexaminestheeconomicsofdefenceindustries.Itshowstheimportanceofgovernment,theeconomicsofdefenceindustries,thecaseforstatesupport,therangeofalternativeindustrialpolicies

6、andpossiblefuturemarketdevelopments.Astartingpointisadescriptionofthemajordefenceindustries.TheMajorDefenceIndustriesTable1showstheworld’smajordefenceindustriesovertheperiodsincetheendoftheColdWarin1990.Employmenthasfallenattheworldlevelandespeciallyintheindustrializednations(egEurope;f

7、ormerSovietUnion).Nonetheless,totalworldemploymentinarmsindustrieswas8.7millionin1997with55%ofthisemploymentinindustrializedcountriesand45%indevelopingnations.China,theUSAandRussiaaccountedforsome70%ofworldarmsindustryemployment.1Table1.World’sDefenceIndustriesCountryIndexnumbe