tortlaw美国侵权法.-1doc

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1、TortLawvTortlawisabodyoflawthatdealswithcivilwrongs,exceptthosethatarisefromcontractproblems.vThepurposeoftortlawistocompensateaninjuredpartythroughtheawardofdamagesfortheinjuriesincurredduringatortiousact.vCategoriesvTherearethreebroadcategoriesoftorts:v1.Intentionaltorts:v2

2、.negligencev3.strictliabilityv1.Intentionaltorts:vIntentionaltortsareoneswherethedefendantdesirestobringaboutaparticularresult.vIntentionaltortsincludeactionsthatthelaypersonoftenassociateswithcriminallawbutarealsocoveredbytortlaw.vThemainintentionaltortsagainstpersonsare:va.

3、battery.vb.assault.vc.falseimprisonment.vd.intentionalinflictionofemotionaldistress.vThemainintentionaltortsagainstpropertyare:va.trespasstoland.vb.trespasstochattels.vc.conversionv2.Negligence:vThedefendanthasnotintendedtobringaboutacertainresult,buthasmerelybehavedcarelessl

4、y.vTherearenoindividually-namedtortsinthiscategory,merelythegeneralconceptof"negligence."(generictort)v3.Strictliability:vThedefendantisheldliableeventhoughhedidnotintendtobringabouttheundesirableresult,andeventhoughhebehavedwithutmostcarefulness.INTENTIONALTORTSvAssaultvBatt

5、eryvFalseimprisonmentvIntentionalinflictionofemotionaldistressvTrespasstolandvTrespasstochattels,andvConversionAssaultandbatteryvAssaultandbatteryareintentionaltorts,meaningthatthedefendantactuallyintendstoputtheplaintiffinfearofanimminentbattery,orintendstowrongfullytouchthe

6、plaintiff.vThewrongfultouchingneednotinflictphysicalinjury,andmaybeindirect.(contactthroughathrownstone,spitting)vAssaultvAssaultoccurswhenthedefendant'sactsintentionallycausethevictim'sreasonableapprehensionofimmediateharmfuloroffensivecontact.vInotherwords,thedefendanthasco

7、mmittedthetortofassaultifhehasintentionallycausedtheplaintifftothinkthatshewillbesubjectedtoaharmfuloroffensivecontact.vTheinterestbeingprotectedisplaintiff'sinterestinfreedomfromapprehensionofthecontact;thusthetortcanexistevenifthecontactitselfneveroccurs.vApprehension:vThev

8、ictimmustperceivethatharmfuloroffensivecontactisabouttohappentohim.v