tortlaw(美国侵权法).-1

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1、TortLawvTortlawisabodyoflawthatdealswithcivilwrongs,exceptthosethatarisefromcontractproblems.vThepurposeoftortlawistocompensateaninjuredpartythroughtheawardofdamagesfortheinjuriesincurredduringatortiousact.vCategoriesvTherearethreebroadcategoriesoftorts:v1.Intentional

2、torts:v2.negligencev3.strictliabilityv1.Intentionaltorts:vIntentionaltortsareoneswherethedefendantdesirestobringaboutaparticularresult.vIntentionaltortsincludeactionsthatthelaypersonoftenassociateswithcriminallawbutarealsocoveredbytortlaw.vThemainintentionaltortsagain

3、stpersonsare:va.battery.vb.assault.vc.falseimprisonment.vd.intentionalinflictionofemotionaldistress.vThemainintentionaltortsagainstpropertyare:va.trespasstoland.vb.trespasstochattels.vc.conversionv2.Negligence:vThedefendanthasnotintendedtobringaboutacertainresult,buth

4、asmerelybehavedcarelessly.vTherearenoindividually-namedtortsinthiscategory,merelythegeneralconceptof"negligence."(generictort)v3.Strictliability:vThedefendantisheldliableeventhoughhedidnotintendtobringabouttheundesirableresult,andeventhoughhebehavedwithutmostcarefulne

5、ss.INTENTIONALTORTSvAssaultvBatteryvFalseimprisonmentvIntentionalinflictionofemotionaldistressvTrespasstolandvTrespasstochattels,andvConversionAssaultandbatteryvAssaultandbatteryareintentionaltorts,meaningthatthedefendantactuallyintendstoputtheplaintiffinfearofanimmin

6、entbattery,orintendstowrongfullytouchtheplaintiff.vThewrongfultouchingneednotinflictphysicalinjury,andmaybeindirect.(contactthroughathrownstone,spitting)vAssaultvAssaultoccurswhenthedefendant'sactsintentionallycausethevictim'sreasonableapprehensionofimmediateharmfulor

7、offensivecontact.vInotherwords,thedefendanthascommittedthetortofassaultifhehasintentionallycausedtheplaintifftothinkthatshewillbesubjectedtoaharmfuloroffensivecontact.vTheinterestbeingprotectedisplaintiff'sinterestinfreedomfromapprehensionofthecontact;thusthetortcanex

8、istevenifthecontactitselfneveroccurs.vApprehension:vThevictimmustperceivethatharmfuloroffensivecontactisabouttohappentohim.v