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1、OrganizationalStructureAuthor(s):W.RichardScottSource:AnnualReviewofSociology,Vol.1(1975),pp.1-20Publishedby:AnnualReviewsStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/2946037.Accessed:12/12/201323:32YouruseoftheJSTORarchiveindicatesyouracceptanceoftheTerms&ConditionsofUse,availableat.http://www.j
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3、onaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsupport@jstor.org..AnnualReviewsiscollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoAnnualReviewofSociology.http://www.jstor.orgThiscontentdownloadedfrom113.108.133.58onThu,12Dec201323:32:33PMAllusesubjecttoJSTORTermsandConditionsCopyright1975.AllRightsres
4、ervedORGANIZATIONAL*10500STRUCTUREWRichardScottDepartmentofSociology,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California94305Whileitisdifficulttocapturewithanyprecisiontheamoeba-likecontoursofanintellectualmovement,itappearssafetoconcludethatuntilthelate1940sformalorganizationsdidnotexistasadistinctfie
5、ldofsociologicalinquiry.Precursorsmaybeidentifiedbuteachlackedsomecriticalfeature.Thus,therewasconsiderableempiricalresearchonorganizationsby,forexample,criminologistswhostudiedprisons,politicalanalystswhoexaminedbureausandpartystructure,andindustrialsociologistsandappliedanthropologistswh
6、ofocusedonfactories;buttheseinvesti-gatorsrarelyattemptedtogeneralizebeyondthespecificorganizationalformunderinvestigation.Thesubjectwasprisonsorpartiesorfactories,notorganizations.Industrialpsychologistsdidpursuesuchgeneralproblemsaslowmorale,fatigue,andturnoveracrossseveraltypesoforganiz
7、ationalsettings,butdidnotraisetheirlevelofanalysistosystematicallyconceptualizeandcomparethecharacteristicsoforganizationsquaorganizations.Andwhile,fromearlyinthiscentury,administra-tiveandmanagementtheoristsdidconcentrateonthedevelopmentofgeneralprinciplesfoc