翻译的语言对比规律语义词法句法思维

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1、《新编英汉翻译教程》ANEWCOURSEBOOKONENGLISH-CHINESETRANSLATIONChapter5RulesofLanguageComparisons第五章翻译的语言对比规律1DifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseI.SemanticdifferencesII.DifferencesinlexicologyIII.SyntacticdifferencesIV.Differencesofmodeofthinking2GeneralintroductionDifferentlanguagefamilies:Englishb

2、elongstoIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyorIndo-Germanicsystem(includingEurope,WesternAsiaandIndia).ChinesebelongstoSino-Tibetanlanguagefamily(includingChinese,TibetanandBurmese).Englishisanalphabeticcharacter(拼音文字),Chineseisanideographiccharacter(表意文字).3Differentnatureoflanguage:Englishisacomp

3、rehensivelanguage.So-calledcomprehensivelanguagereferstothatthemeaningofthelanguageisexpressedbythechangeoftheformoftheworditselfsuchascase,number,tenseandsoon.Chineseisananalyticlanguage.So-calledanalyticlanguagemeansthattherelationshipofwordsisexpressednotbytheformofworditself-----butby

4、emptyword,particleandwordorderandsoon.4Differenceofsentencestructure:Englishsentencesarewell-knit,closeandcompactInEnglish,nouns,especiallytheabstractnounsandprepositionsarewidelyused,justlikeaseriesofGrapes.ChinesesentencesareconciseandexplicitInChinese,verbsarewidelyused,justlikeaBamboo

5、5I.Semanticdifferences1.FullcorrespondenceOnlyfoundingenerallyadoptedtechnicaltermsorcoincidenceamongcommonwordsRadar=雷达NewYork=纽约TianjinUniversity=天津大学TheU.S.StateDepartment=美国国务院ThePacificOcean=太平洋helicopter=直升飞机62.Partialcorrespondenceormostlycorrespondencemarriage娶、嫁sister姐、妹gun枪、炮Wif

6、e:妻子、爱人、老伴、内人、贱内、夫人、老婆；president:总统、主席、校长、议长、会长、社长；Morning:早晨、上午7部分对应造成翻译时的选择，如对于morning的翻译：Lateinthemorning接近晌午Earlyinthemorning一大早Mid－morning:上午十点左右Mid-afternoon:下午三、四点83.Non-correspondenceoralmostnon-correspondenceTeenager:13至19岁的青少年Clock－watcher:老是看钟等下班的人Dink=doubleincomenokids丁克家族9糖葫

7、芦Tanghulu,asugar-coatedfruitonthestick文房四宝thefourtreasuresofthestudy(writingbrush,inkstick,inkstoneandpaper)文明礼貌月SocialistEthicsandCourstyMonth特困生themostneedystudents一穷二白poorandblank乌纱帽anofficialpost五岳theFiveSacredMountains五经TheFiveClassics(TheBookofPoetry,TheBookof