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1、RulesofLanguageComparisons翻译的语言对比规律DifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseI.SemanticdifferencesII.DifferencesinlexicologyIII.SyntacticdifferencesIV.DifferencesofmodeofthinkingGeneralintroductionDifferentlanguagefamilies:EnglishbelongstoIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyorIndo-Germanicsystem(i
2、ncludingEurope,WesternAsiaandIndia).ChinesebelongstoSino-Tibetanlanguagefamily(includingChinese,TibetanandBurmese).Englishisanalphabeticcharacter(拼音文字),Chineseisanideographiccharacter(表意文字).Differentnatureoflanguage:Englishisacomprehensivelanguage.So-calledcomprehensivelanguagerefe
3、rstothatthemeaningofthelanguageisexpressedbythechangeoftheformoftheworditselfsuchascase,number,tenseandsoon.Chineseisananalyticlanguage.So-calledanalyticlanguagemeansthattherelationshipofwordsisexpressednotbytheformofworditself-----butbyemptyword,particleandwordorderandsoon.Differe
4、nceofsentencestructure:Englishsentencesarewell-knit,closeandcompactInEnglish,nouns,especiallytheabstractnounsandprepositionsarewidelyused,justlikeaseriesofGrapes.ChinesesentencesareconciseandexplicitInChinese,verbsarewidelyused,justlikeaBambooI.Semanticdifferences1.Fullcorresponden
5、ceOnlyfoundingenerallyadoptedtechnicaltermsorcoincidenceamongcommonwordsRadar=雷达NewYork=纽约TianjinUniversity=天津大学TheU.S.StateDepartment=美国国务院ThePacificOcean=太平洋helicopter=直升飞机2.Partialcorrespondenceormostlycorrespondencemarriage娶、嫁sister姐、妹gun枪、炮Wife:妻子、爱人、老伴、内人、贱内、夫人、老婆；president:总
6、统、主席、校长、议长、会长、社长；Morning:早晨、上午部分对应造成翻译时的选择，如对于morning的翻译：Lateinthemorning接近晌午Earlyinthemorning一大早Mid-morning:上午十点左右Mid-afternoon:下午三、四点3.Non-correspondenceoralmostnon-correspondenceTeenager:13至19岁的青少年Clock－watcher:老是看钟等下班的人Dink=doubleincomenokids丁克家族糖葫芦Tanghulu,asugar-coatedfruiton
7、thestick文房四宝thefourtreasuresofthestudy(writingbrush,inkstick,inkstoneandpaper)文明礼貌月SocialistEthicsandCourtesyMonth特困生themostneedystudents一穷二白poorandblank乌纱帽anofficialpost五岳theFiveSacredMountains五经TheFiveClassics(TheBookofPoetry,TheBookofHistory,TheBookofChanges,TheBookofRitesandThe
8、SpringandAutumnAnnuals)４.W
