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中央文献重要术语译文发布区域协同发展coordinateddevelopmentbetweenregions城乡发展一体化urban-ruralintegration物质文明和精神文明协调发展ensurethatcultural-ethicalandmaterialdevelopmentprogresstogether军民融合发展战略military-civilianintegrationstrategy经济建设和国防建设融合发展integrateddevelopmentoftheeconomyandnationaldefense京津冀协同发展coordinateddevelopmentoftheBeijing,Tianjin,andHebeiregion综合立体交通走廊multimodaltransportcorridor居住证制度residencecardsystem财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制mechanismlinkingthetransferpaymentsalocalgovernmentreceivestothenumberofformerruralresidentsgrantedurbanresidencyinitsjurisdiction城镇建设用地增加规模同吸纳农业转移人口落户数量挂钩机制mechanismlinkingincreasesintheamountoflanddesignatedforurbandevelopmentinalocalitytothenumberofformerruralresidentsgrantedurbanresidencythere中国特色新型智库newtypeofChinesethinktanks马克思主义理论研究和建设工程MarxistTheoryResearchandDevelopmentProject哲学社会科学创新工程initiativetopromoteinnovationinphilosophyandthesocialsciences网络内容建设工程initiativetoenrichonlinecontent农村人居环境整治行动rurallivingenvironmentimprovementinitiative历史文化名村名镇townsandvillageswithrichhistoricaland culturalheritage美丽宜居乡村acountrysidethatisbeautifulandpleasanttolivein中文英文引领型发展leading-edgedevelopment创新驱动发展战略innovation-drivendevelopmentstrategy优进优出战略strategyforoptimizingimportsandexports网络强国战略nationalcyberdevelopmentstrategy国家大数据战略nationalbigdatastrategy藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略foodcropproductionstrategybasedonfarmlandmanagementandtechnologicalapplication智能制造工程smartmanufacturinginitiative大科学工程BigScienceproject能源安全储备制度energysecurityreservesystem金融宏观审慎管理制度macroprudentialregulationofthefinancialsector普惠性创新支持政策体系inclusivepoliciesforthesupportofinnovation企业研发费用加计扣除政策policyofadditionaltaxdeductionsforenterpriseresearchanddevelopment协同创新collaborativeinnovation众创、众包、众扶、众筹crowdinnovation,crowdsourcing,crowdsupport,andcrowdfunding宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路Theideaistoensuremacro-levelpolicymaintainseconomicstability,industrialpolicyistargeted,micro-levelpolicyinjectsdynamismintotheeconomy,reformpolicydeliversresults,andsocialpolicyseesbasiclivingneedsaremet.稳中求进工作总基调seekingprogresswhileworkingtokeepperformancestable供给侧结构性改革supply-sidestructuralreform区间调控、定向调控、相机调控range-based,targeted,andwell-timedregulation去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板addressovercapacity,reduceinventory,deleverage,lowercosts,andbolsterareasofweakness发展新动能newdriverofgrowth与地方事权和支出责任划分definetherespectivepowersandspendingresponsibilitiesofthecentralandlocalgovernments国际产能合作internationalcooperationonproductioncapacity准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度thepre-establishmentnationaltreatmentplus negativelistsystem 质量强国acountrystrongonquality知识产权强国IPRpowerhouse工匠精神spiritofcraftsmanship政府法律顾问制度systemofgovernmentlegaladvisors中国特色大国外交理念thephilosophyunderpinningChina’sdiplomacyasamajorcountry为政之道，民生为本Thatgovernmentisbestwhichgivesprimeplacetothewellbeingofthepeople.简除烦苛，禁察非法cutredtapeandrootoutillegalities上下同欲者胜Successcomestothosewhoshareinonepurpose.国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划（“十三五”规划）the13thFive-YearPlanforEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(the13thFive-YearPlan)全面建成小康社会决胜阶段thedecisivestageinfinishingbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects坚持人民主体地位upholdtheprincipalpositionofthepeople引领经济发展新常态guidethenewnormalinChina’seconomicdevelopment中高速增长medium-highrateofeconomicgrowth创新发展innovativedevelopment创新是引领发展的第一动力Innovationistheprimaryengineofdevelopment.协调发展coordinateddevelopment协调是持续健康发展的内在要求Coordinationisanintegralaspectofsustainedandhealthydevelopment.绿色发展greendevelopment;eco-friendlydevelopment绿色是永续发展的必要条件和人民对美好生活追求的重要体现Green,whichrepresentsaneco-friendlyoutlook,isanecessaryconditionforensuringlastingdevelopmentaswellasanimportantwayinwhichpeoplepursueabetterlife.开放发展opendevelopment开放是国家繁荣发展的必由之路OpeningupisthepathChinamusttaketoachieveprosperityanddevelopment.共享发展shareddevelopment共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求SharingistheessenceofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics人与自然和谐发展humankinddevelopsinharmonywithnature;harmoniousdevelopmentbetweenmanandnature生命共同体acommunityoflife生态文明ecologicalprogress;ecologicalconservation;eco-civilization生态文化eco-culture国家生态安全nationalecologicalsecurity 全球生态安全globalecologicalsecurity生态文明制度体系【例】到2020年，构建起由自然资源资产产权制度、国土空间开发保护制度等八项制度构成的生态文明制度体系。institutionalframeworkforpromotingecologicalprogressBy2020,aninstitutionalframeworkcomposedofeightsystemswillhavebeenestablishedforpromotingecologicalprogress,includingapropertyrightssystemfornaturalresourceassetsandasystemfordevelopingandprotectingterritorialspace.生态文明体制改革【例】紧紧围绕建设美丽中国,深化生态文明体制改革，加快建立生态文明制度，推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局。reformforpromotingecologicalprogressTobuildabeautifulChina,wewilldeepenreformtopromoteecologicalprogressandmovefastertoestablishrelatedsystemssoastocreateanewmodelofmodernizationthatensureshumanity developsinharmonywithnature.绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展green,circular,andlow-carbondevelopment节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主givehighprioritytoconservingresources,protectingtheenvironment,andlettingnaturerestoreitself生态保护红线ecologicalconservationredline国家公园体制nationalparksystem资源有偿使用和生态补偿制度systemforpayment-basedresourceuseandcompensationforecologicalconservation跨区域、跨流域生态补偿机制mechanismfortrans-regionalandcross-watershedcompensationforecologicalconservation生态文明绩效评价考核和责任追究ecologicalconservationperformanceassessmentandaccountability生态环境损害责任终身追究制systemoflifelongaccountabilityforecologicalandenvironmentaldamage污染物排放许可制permitsystemforpollutantsemissions绿水青山就是金山银山Lucidwatersandlushmountainsareinvaluableassets.苟日新，日日新，又日新Ifyoucanimproveyourselfinaday,dosoeachday,foreverbuildingonimprovement.千里之行，始于足下Ajourneyofathousandlibeginswithasinglestep.政贵有恒Consistencyisvaluableingovernance.功崇惟志，业广惟勤Greataccomplishmentsrequireambitionandtirelesseffort.鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已IwillworkheartandsoulformycountrytothedayIdrawmylastbreath.兄弟齐心，其利断金Whenbrotherscometogether,thereisnothingtheycannotachieve.君子一言，驷马难追Awordspokenisawordthatmustbehonored.和而不同harmonyindiversity 【例】中国自古就主张和而不同。我们希望，国与国之间、不同文明之间能够平等交流、相互借鉴、共同进步，各国人民都能够共享世界经济科技发展的成果，各国人民的意愿能够得到尊重，各国能够齐心协力推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。Chinahas,sinceancienttimes,beenanexponentofharmonyindiversity.Wehopethatdifferentcountriesanddifferentcivilizationswillengageinexchangeonanequalbasis,learnfromeachother,andachievecommonprogress.Wehopethatthepeopleofallcountrieswillshareinthefruitsofglobaleconomic,scientific,andtechnologicaladvancesandthattheiraspirationsarerespected.Wealsohopethatallcountrieswillworktogetherinbuildingaharmoniousworldwherepeaceislastingandprosperityissharedbyall.得其大者可以兼其小【例】“得其大者可以兼其小。”只有把人生理想融入国家和民族的事业中，才能最终成就一番事业。Thefinerdetailsfallintoplacewhentheyalignwiththebiggerpicture.Thefinerdetailsfallintoplacewhentheyalignwiththebiggerpicture.Youwillaccomplishsomethingsignificantinlifeifyouintegrateyourambitionsintothecauseofyourcountryanditspeople.行百里者半九十【例】行百里者半九十。距离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标越近，我们越不能懈怠，越要加倍努力，越要动员广大青年为之奋斗。Onreachingthelastlegofajourney,youareonlyhalfwaythere.Onreachingthelastlegofajourney,youareonlyhalfwaythere.ThecloserwearetoourgoalofrejuvenatingtheChinesenation,thelesswecanaffordtoslackoff,themoreweneedtointensifyourefforts,andthemoreweneedtoencourageyoungpeopletoworktowardthisgoal.位卑未敢忘忧国Whatevermystatus,Iwillneverlayasidemyconcernforthenation.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈neverbecorruptedbywealthorstatus,departfromprincipleduetopovertyorhumbleposition,orbowdowntopowerorforce先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐Iwishtobethefirsttoworryaboutthenation’swoesandthelasttoshareinitsprosperity.苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之WereittobenefitmycountryIwouldlaydownmylife;Whatthenisrisktome?人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青Everyonewillonedaydie;Whenmydaycomes,maymyloyaltybeinscribedinthepagesofhistory.长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海Someday,withmysailpiercingtheclouds;Iwillmountthewind,breakthewaves,andtraversethevast,rollingsea.中国梦【例】实现中华民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。ChineseDreamTherejuvenationoftheChinesenationhasbeenthegreatestdreamoftheChinesepeoplesincethebeginningofmoderntimes;wecallthistheChineseDream.Theideainessenceistomakethecountryprosperousandstrong,rejuvenatethenation,andseethatthepeoplearehappy. 中国道路【例】实现中国梦必须走中国道路。这就是中国特色社会主义道路。ChinesepathTorealizetheChineseDream,wemustfollowaChinesepath–thepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.中国精神【例】实现中国梦必须弘扬中国精神。这就是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神，以改革创新为核心的时代精神。ChinesespiritTorealizetheChineseDream,wemustfostertheChinesespirit–afusionofthespiritoftheChinesepeople,centraltowhichispatriotism,andthespiritofourera,centraltowhicharereformandinnovation.中国力量【例】实现中国梦必须凝聚中国力量。这就是中国各族人民大团结的力量。ChinesestrengthTorealizetheChineseDream,wemustbringtogetherChinesestrength–thestrengthproducedbyallChinesepeoplecomingtogetherinunity.中国方案【例】我们将更多提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧，为国际社会提供更多公共产品。ChineseapproachWewillproposemoreChineseapproaches,sharemoreChineseknowledge,andoffermorepublicgoodstotheinternationalcommunity.和平发展道路【例】中国走和平发展道路，其他国家也都要走和平发展道路，只有各国都走和平发展道路，各国才能共同发展，国与国才能和平相处。pathofpeacefuldevelopmentChinaistakingthepathofpeacefuldevelopment,asshouldothercountries.Onlyifeveryonetakesthispathcanallcountriesdeveloptogetherandliveinpeace.互利共赢的开放战略【例】中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，通过深化合作促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。mutuallybeneficialopeningupstrategyChinawillremainfirmlycommittedtoamutuallybeneficialopeningupstrategy,andthroughdeepercooperation,promotetherobust,sustainable,andbalancedgrowthoftheworldeconomy.世界人民的梦想【例】中国梦既是中国人民追求幸福的梦，也同世界人民的梦想息息相通。dreamsofallpeoplesTheChineseDreamistheChinesepeople’sdreamofhappinessandiscloselyconnectedwiththedreamsofallpeoples.命运共同体【例】我们的事业是同世界各国合作共赢的事业。国际社会日益成为一个你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。communitywithacommonfutureOurcauseisthecauseofwin-wincooperationwithallcountries.Theworldisincreasinglybecomingacommunitywithacommonfutureinwhichallcountriesareinterdependent.九一八事变September18thIncident七七事变（卢沟桥事变）July7thIncident(LugouBridgeIncident)淞沪会战BattleofShanghai平型关大捷BattleofPingxingguan;victoryatPingxingguan台儿庄大捷BattleofTai’erzhuang;victoryatTai’erzhuang 武汉会战BattleofWuhan百团大战Hundred-RegimentCampaign八路军EighthRouteArmy新四军NewFourthArmy东北抗日联军NortheastUnitedResistanceArmy华南人民抗日游击队SouthernChinaPeople’sCounter-JapaneseGuerrillaForce中国远征军ChineseExpeditionaryForce持久战protractedwar游击战guerrillawarfare运动战mobilewarfare地道战tunnelwarfare地雷战landminewarfare抗日根据地resistancebase解放区liberatedarea游击区guerrillaarea敌占区（沦陷区）enemy-occupiedarea;occupiedarea“大东亚共荣圈”“GreaterEastAsiaCo-ProsperitySphere”“三光”政策“ThreeAlls”policy(killall,burnall,lootall)“731部队”（满洲第731部队）“Unit731”(Unit731ofManchuria)南京大屠杀NanjingMassacre“慰安妇”“comfortwomen”细菌战germwarfare化学战chemicalwarfare“扫荡”“mopping-up”operation“蚕食”“gnawing-away”operation“清乡”“pacification”operation中国人民抗日战争（简称：抗日战争、抗战）theChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression(theWarofResistance)抗日民族统一战线ChineseunitedfrontagainstJapaneseaggression全面全民族抗战totalresistanceagainstJapaneseaggressionbythewholenation片面抗战partialresistanceagainstJapaneseaggression全国抗战nationwidewarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggression局部抗战regionalwarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggression正面战场centerstagebattlefield敌后战场backstagebattlefield战略防御/相持/反攻strategicdefense/stalemate/counter-offensive世界反法西斯战争theGlobalWaragainstFascism 国际反法西斯统一战线theinternationalanti-fascistunitedfront战争策源地hotbedofwar中国战场Chinatheater欧洲战场Europeantheater太平洋战场Pacifictheater东方主战场【例】中国开辟了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场。themainEasternbattlefieldThemainEasternbattlefieldfortheGlobalWaragainstFascismwasdevelopedinChina.无条件投降unconditionalsurrender中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日VictoryMemorialDayfortheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression(VMDay)创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府aninnovative,clean,andservice-orientedgovernment政府机构改革governmentinstitutionalreform转变政府职能transformgovernmentfunctions简政放权、放管结合streamlinegovernmentfunctionsandadministrationanddelegatepowerswhileimprovingregulation用政府权力的“减法”，换取市场活力的“乘法”cutgovernmentpowerstoboostmarketvitality法定职责必须为、法无授权不可为Governmentmustcarryoutallstatutoryfunctionsanddutiesandmaynotdoanythingnotauthorizedbylaw.政府责任清单listofgovernmentresponsibilities市场准入负面清单marketaccessnegativelist行政审批governmentreviewandapproval简化对外投资审批程序simplifyproceduresforreviewingoutboundinvestment实施大部门制mergeandstreamlinegovernmentdepartments商事制度改革reformofthebusinesssystem三证合一integratethebusinesslicense,theorganizationcodecertificate,andthecertificateoftaxationregistrationintoonedocument基本公共服务均等化ensureequitableaccesstobasicpublicservices社会主义法治国家socialistruleoflawcountry;socialistcountrybuiltontheruleoflaw建设法治中国buildaruleoflawChina依法治国law-basedgovernanceofthecountry依法执政law-basedexerciseofstatepower依法行政law-basedadministrationofgovernment依宪治国governanceofthecountryonthebasisofitsconstitution宪法日ConstitutionDay 法律是治国之重器，良法是善治之前提Thelawisofgreatvalueinthegovernanceofacountry,andgoodlawsareaprerequisiteforgoodgovernance.法治体系ruleoflawsystem于法有据【例】重大改革于法有据havealegalbasisAllofourmajorreformsshouldhavealegalbasis.法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设aholisticapproachtostrengtheningtheruleoflawinthecountry,initsgovernment,andinsociety有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究ensurethatlawsareputinplace,observed,andstrictlyenforcedandthatanyonewhoviolatesthelawisheldtoaccount科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法takeawell-conceivedapproachtolaw-making,andensurethatlawisstrictlyenforced,justiceisadministeredimpartially,andthelawisobservedbyall职能科学、权责法定、执法严明、公开公正、廉洁高效、守法诚信的法治政府aruleoflawgovernmentwhichhaswell-conceivedfunctionsandstatutorilydefinedpowersandresponsibilities;whichstrictlyenforcesthelawandisimpartial;andwhichoperatesinanopen,clean,andefficientway,withstrongcredibility执法责任制accountabilitysystemforlawenforcement人民陪审员制度systemofpeople’sassessors重大决策终身责任追究制度systemoflifelongaccountabilityformajordecisions重大决策责任倒查机制mechanismforretroactiveinvestigationintoaccountabilityformajordecisions政府权力清单listofgovernmentpowers依法治国和以德治国相结合combinetheruleoflawwiththeruleofvirtue天下之事，不难于立法，而难于法之必行Inthegovernanceofacountry,itistheenforcement,nottheenactment,oflawthatpresentsthegreatestchallenge.法立，有犯而必施；令出，唯行而不返Onceenacted,alawmustbeenforcedandanyonewhoviolatesitmustbeheldtoaccount.四个全面”战略布局【释义】全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。Four-ProngedComprehensiveStrategyTheFour-ProngedComprehensiveStrategyistomakecomprehensivemovesto:1)finishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussociety;2)deepenreform;3)advancethelaw-basedgovernanceofChina;and4)strengthenPartyself-discipline.“两个一百年”奋斗目标【释义】在中国共产党成立一百年时全面建成小康社会，在新中国成立一百年时建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家。TwoCentenaryGoalsTheTwoCentenaryGoalsare:tofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsbythetimetheCommunistPartyofChinacelebratesitscentenaryin2021;andtoturnChinaintoamodernsocialistcountrythatisprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvanced,andharmoniousbythetimethePeople’sRepublicofChinacelebratesitscentenaryin2049. 三期叠加simultaneouslydealwiththeslowdownineconomicgrowth,makedifficultstructuraladjustments,andabsorbtheeffectsofpreviouseconomicstimuluspolicies双目标【例】保持中高速增长和迈向中高端水平双目标。dualobjectivesWemustfocusonachievingthedualobjectivesofmaintainingamedium-highrateofgrowthandmovingtowardamedium-highlevelofdevelopment.双引擎【例】打造大众创业、万众创新和增加公共产品、公共服务双引擎。twinenginesWeneedtodeveloptwinengines–popularentrepreneurshipandinnovation,andgreatersuppliesofpublicgoodsandservices–todrivedevelopment.新常态【例】经济发展进入新常态，精神面貌要有新状态。newnormalChina’seconomicdevelopmenthasenteredanewnormal,meaningwemustadoptanewmindset.高压态势【例】始终保持反腐高压态势，对腐败分子零容忍、严查处。toughstanceOurtoughstanceoncorruptionisheretostay;ourtoleranceforcorruptioniszero,andanyoneguiltyofcorruptionwillbedealtwithseverely.硬骨头【例】啃了不少硬骨头toughissueWetackledmanytoughissues.拦路虎【例】体制机制弊端和结构性矛盾是“拦路虎”。tigerintheroadInstitutionalandstructuralproblemshavebecome“tigersintheroad”holdingupdevelopment.扶上马、送一程【例】中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程。give(sb)aleguptoget(sb)goingMedium,small,andmicrobusinessescanaccomplishgreatthings.Weneedtogivethemaleguptogetthemgoing.创客【例】众多“创客”脱颖而出。makerWehaveseengreatnumbersofmakersgivingexpressiontotheirtalents.众创空间【例】发展众创空间makerspacedevelopmakerspaces中国制造2025MadeinChina2025strategy“互联网+”行动计划InternetPlusActionPlan普惠金融inclusivefinance税收法定原则principleoflaw-basedtaxation保持战略定力maintainstrategicfocus经济行稳致远maintainsustainableeconomicgrowth强农惠农富农strengthenagriculture,benefitfarmers,andraiserurallivingstandards健康稳定的大国关系框架asoundandstableframeworkformajor-countryrelations 为公平竞争搭好舞台leveltheplayingfieldforfaircompetition织密织牢民生保障网developatightlywovenandsturdysafetynet让更多的金融活水流向实体经济allowmorefinancialresourcestobechanneledintotherealeconomy从制造大国转向制造强国transformChinafromamanufacturerofquantitytooneofquality加强国际传播能力建设improveourabilitytocommunicateeffectivelywithinternationalaudiences结构性减税和普遍性降费makestructuraltaxreductionsandcutfeesacrosstheboard精准扶贫、精准脱贫taketargetedmeasurestohelppeopleliftthemselvesoutofpoverty以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力invigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure保基本、兜底线、建机制buildupabasicsafetynet,ensurethereisacushioninplaceforthosemostinneed,andmakedueinstitutionalarrangements有权不可任性Powerisnottobeusedarbitrarily.
