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1、CLINICALENDOCRINOLOGY&METABOLISM—INTRODUCTIONANDGENERALCONCEPTS(总论)InstituteofMetabolism&EndocrinologyEryuanLiao(廖二元)A.Therapidityandextensivenessofadvancesinendocrinologyhavemadeitincreasinglydifficultforthestudentsandphysicianstotakefulladvantageofinformationavailablefortheunderstanding,diagnosi
2、s,andtreatmentofclinicaldisorders,notonlyofdiseasesinendocrinology,butalsoofthatinallclinicalspecialties.B.Whateasytohandleisthatthegeneralknowledgeandtheprinciplesofendocrinologyandmetabolism.C.Forinterest,beinterestedintheinterestingmedicalbranch.D.MainsubjectsRegulationsystemsofextracellularcom
3、municationEndocrineglandandhormone-secretingcellsHormonesHormonesecretionrhythmsHormonesynthasesanditsregulationEndocrineregulationaxesMechanismsofhormoneactionNutrientmetabolismSystemicexaminationLaboratoryandspecialexaminationsTherapeuticprinciplesRegulationSystemsofExtra-CellularCommunicationne
4、rvoussystemendocrinesystemimmunesystemEndocrineGlandandHormone-SecretingCells（激素分泌细胞）A.Endocrineglanda.hypothalamus&posteriorpituitaryb.pinealgland(松果体)c.anteriorandintermedialpituitaryd.thyroide.parathyroidf.endocrinepancreas(内分泌胰腺)g.adrenalcortexandmedullah.sexualgland(testisorovary)i.others:thy
5、mus(胸腺)，placentaB.Diffuseneuro-endocrinecellsAPUD(amineprecursoruptakeanddecarboxylation)cellsinGI,pancreas,adrenalmedulla,etc.)C.Hormone-secretingcellsintissuesatrium,endothelium,fibroblast,lipocytes,lymphocytesStructureofhormone-secretingcellspeptide/proteinhormone-secretingcells:hormone-contain
6、inggranules(激素颗粒)steroidhormone-secretingcells:lipiddroplet(脂质小滴)A.Classificationa.aspeptide/proteinb.asderivativesofaminoacid(catecholamine,5-HT,melatonin,T3/T4)c.asderivatesofcholesterol(cortisol,aldosterone,estrogen,androgen,progesterone,1,25-(OH)2D3)B.Storagehormonegranulesthyroglobulin(甲状腺球蛋白
7、)HormonesC.Typesofhormonesecretionendocrine(内分泌)paracrine(旁分泌)autocrine(自分泌)intracrine(胞内分泌)neurocrine(神经分泌)juxtacrine(并邻分泌)solinocrine(腔分泌)amphicrine(双重分泌)solublehormone+bindingprotein:insulin,GH.IGF.Glucagon-li
