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1、外文文献Self-attribution,sun-signtraits,andtheallegedroleoffavourablenessasamoderatorvariable:long-termeffectorartefact?EdgarWunderAbstractTheprocessofself-attributionisanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofbeliefsinthevalidityofpresentedpersonalitydescriptions.Hamilton(2001
2、)proposedthattherelativefavourablenessofastrologicallyderivedpersonalitydescriptionsisamoderatorvariableforlong-termself-attributioneffectsbasedonknowledgeoftheastrologicalsun-signsymbolism.Becausethesetsoftraitsassociatedwithsomesun-signsarethoughttobemorefavourablet
3、hanthoseofothersun-signs,shepredictsthatnativesbornunderamorefavourablesignshouldshowastrongerbeliefinastrologythansubjectsbornunderlessfavourablesigns.Totestthishypothesis,westudied1700Germansubjects,toseeiftheirbeliefinastrologyvariedwithrespecttotheirsun-sign.Butth
4、emeanbeliefscoreswerealmostexactlythesameforallsigngroups,providingstrongevidenceagainstHamilton’shypothesis.ItisproposedthattheconflictingempiricalfindingsofHamilton(2001)areprobablyartefactsoftheexperimentalsetting,andnotlong-termeffectsofself-attribution.Keywords:S
5、elf-attribution;Personalitydescriptions;Confirmatorytestingstrategies;Astrology;Paranormalbeliefsystems;Favourableness1.IntroductionAnanomalydiscoveredserendipitouslybyMayo,White,andEysenck(1978),whichwassubsequentlyexplainedbyPawlikandBuse(1979)intermsofattributionth
6、eory,managedtobecomeaprominentexemplarfortheprocessofself-attribution:Subjectstendedtodescribetheirpersonalityintermsofthosetraitsthatpertainedtotheirastrologicalsun-signs,butonlyiftheyhadsomeastrologicalknowledge.Theeffectwasreplicatedseveraltimes(Eysenck&Nias1981,19
7、82;Fichten&Sunerton,1983;Jackson,1979;Kelly,1982;Smithers&Cooper,1978),evenifnoreferencetoastrologywasmadeuntilthedebriefingofthesubjects(Hamilton,1995;VanRooij,1994,1999),orifthedataweregatheredoriginallyforapurposewhichhasnothingtodowithastrologyatall(Clarke,Gabriel
8、s,&Barnes,1996;VanRooij,Brak,&Commandeur,1988),buttheeffectisstrongerwhenacueisgiventothesubjectsthatthestudyisaboutastrolog
