session-13 sense relations -4

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1、SenseRelations-4LexicologySession13MajorTopicsAntonomyAssignmentI.Antonymdefinition;classificationfeaturesofantonymsappropriateuseofantonyms1.DefinitionAntonymsarewordsoppositeinmeaning.Forexample:long----shortyoung-----oldbig------smallhigh-----low2.ClassificationAntonymscanbeclassifiedonthebasisof

2、semanticcontrastorofmorphologicalstrcture.A.SemanticContrastSemanticallyantonymsfallintothreetypes:contraries,complementariesandconversives.A1.Contraries-1Contrariesdisplayatypeofsemanticcontrast,illustratedbysuchpairsasrichandpoor;heavyandlight;deepandshallow,etc.A1.Contraries-2Featuresofcontraries

3、-1:Thecontrastisgradable.Forexample:richandpoor;heavyandlightdeepandlightA1.Contraries-3Featuresofcontraries-2:Tthecontrastisrelative.Forexample:rich/well-to-do/well-off/moderatelywealthy/comfortablyoff/hardup/poorA2.Compementaries-1Complementariesrepresentatypeofbinarysemanticopposition.A2.Compleme

4、ntaries-2Featuresofcomplementaries-1:Thecontrastisabsolute.Forexample:aliveanddead;singleandmarried;presentandabsent;maleandfemale;perfectandimperfect；agreeanddisagreeThedenialofoneimpliestheassertionoftheother.A2.Complementaries-3Featuresofcomplementaries-2:Complementarytermsarenongradable.Forexamp

5、le:Heisverydead(veryalive).Heismoredeadthantheotherone.A3.Conversives-1Conversivesdenotenotonlytheoppositenessofmeaning,butalsoaninterdependenceofmeaning.A3.Conversives-2Examples:husbandandwife;lendandborrow;employerandemployee;aboveandbelow;giveandreceive;rentandlet;parentandchild;teacherandpupil;R

6、eciprocalsocialorspatialrelationshipB.MorphologicalContrastOnthebasisofmorphologicalstructure,antonymscanbeclassifiedintorootantonymsandderivationalantonyms.B1.RootantonymsTheyrefertooppositewordsofdifferentroots.Forexample:deepandshallow;loveandhate;upanddownB2.DerivationalantonymsTheyarewordswitht

7、hesamerootshavingnegativeaffixes.Forexample:happyand?;loyaland?possibleand?;prewarand?codeand?;harmfuland?3.Featuresofantonymsmarkedandunmarkedmemberthosewithoutantonymsdifferentantonymsofthesamewordl