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1、Chapter7SenserelationsbetweenwordsWordsmaybeclassifiedaccordingtotherelationbetweentheirsense.ThetwomajoytypesofsenserelationbetweenwordsaresynonymyandantonymySynonymy(同义关系)--similarity:Itreferstothewordswhichhavenearlythesamedenotativemeaning(外延意义)aresynonyms
2、,andtherelationshipbetweenthemisoneofsynonymy.AsynonymreferstooneoftwoormorewordsintheEnglishlanguagewhichhavethesameorverynearlythesameessentialmeaning1.commentonthetraditionaldefinitionofsynonyms,what’syourdefinitionforsynonyms?syn-togethernoyma-nameSynonyms
3、aretraditionallydefinedasworddifferinginsoundformbutidenticalorsimilarinmeaningWhatisyourdefinitionforsynonyms?Similarity2.Typesofsynonyms:Completeorabsolutesynonyms,RelativesynonymsWhatdowemeanbycompletesynonyms?Absolute(Complete)Synonyms--arewords,whicharefu
4、lllyidenticalinmeaning(whicharefulllyidenticalinmeaningandinterchangeableinallcontextsareCompleteSynonyms)inallitsaspects,i.e.bothingrammaticalmeaningandlexicalmeaning,includingconceptualandassociativemeanings.Absolute(Complete)Synonymsarerestrictedtohigh-spec
5、ializedvocabulary.Forinstance,composition/compounding.TheyhavetheperfectsamemeaninginLexicology.3.Whatdowemeanbyrelativesynonyms?aresimilarornearlythesameindenotationbutembracedifferentshadesofmeaningordifferentdegreesofagivenquality,differentinaffectivemeanin
6、gandstylisticmeaning.(relativesynonymsaremaydifferinshadesofmeaning,inemotionalcolouring,inlevelofformality,incollocation,andindistribution)e.g. Change/alter/varyTakestagger/reel/totterforexample.Staggerimpliesunsteadymovementcharacterizedbyalossofbalanceandfa
7、iluretomaintainafixedcourse.E.g.staggerunderaheavyload;Reelsuggestsaswayingorlurchingsoastoappearonthevergeoffalling.E.g.Thedrunkenmanreeleddownthehall;Totterindicatestheuncertain,falteringstepsofafeebleoldpersonorofaninfantlearningtowalk.4.inwhatrespectsdosyn
8、onymouswordsdiffer?a)IndegreeofagivenqualityorinshadeofmeaningAnger(生气),rage(愤怒),fury(狂怒),indignation（愤概）b)Inaffective情感meaning,andstylistic文体meaningAfftective(emotive):anumberofen
