英语词汇学_Unit_06_Sense_relations

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1、lSynonymy同义关系lsynonym同义词lAntonymy反义关系lantonym反义词lPolysemy多义关系lpolyseme多义词lHomonymy同音(同形)异义关系lhomonym同音同形异义词，homograph同形异义词，homophone同音异义词lHyponymy上下义关系lsuperordinate上义词,hyponym下义词lTaxonymy分类关系lsuperordinate上类词,taxonym分类词lMeronymy部分整体关系lsuperordinate总项词,meronym分项词幻灯片3Synonymy

2、lSynonymyisarelationshipof‘samenessofmeaning’thatmayholdbetweentwowords.lSynonym:awordthatmeansthesameasanother.lLinguistsmakeadistinctionbetween‘strict’or‘absolute’synonymyand‘loose’or‘relative’synonymy.幻灯片4StrictsynonymylStrictsynonymsrefertotwowordswhichareidenticalinmean

3、inginallitsaspects.Theyareinterchangeableinallcontexts.lStrictsynonymsareveryrare,andsomelinguistsevenarguethatstrictsynonymsdonotexist.lStrictsynonymyisuneconomical;itcreatesunnecessaryredundancyinalanguage.幻灯片5LoosesynonymylWhenwespeakofsynonymy,wemean‘loose’or‘relative’sy

4、nonymy,wherewefindnotonlyasignificantoverlapinmeaningbetweentwowords,butalsosomecontextswheretheycannotbeusedinterchangeably.lJohnfound/discoveredthebasketballinthegrass.lMariaCuriediscoveredradiumin1898.l*MariaCuriefoundradiumin1898.discover:bethefirstonetocomeacrosssomethi

5、ng find:experiencesomethinginsomeway幻灯片6DistinguishingsynonymslWeoftentakethefollowingthingsintoconsiderationwhenwetrytofindthedifferencesbetweensynonyms.lDifferentEnglishdialectslDifferentstylisticmeaningslDifferentconnotativemeanings幻灯片7SynonymsfromdifferentdialectslSomesy

6、nonympairsdifferinthattheybelongtodifferentdialectsofEnglish.HerearesomeexamplesofsynonymsfromBritishandAmericanEnglish:BrEAmEBrEAmEliftelevatorfarmranchlawyerattorneybiscuitcookierubbishgarbagepavementsidewalk幻灯片8SynonymswithdifferentstylisticmeaningslOneofapairofsynonymsma

7、ybeusedinamoreformalcontextthantheother.Herearesomeexamplesofsynonympairs.InformalFormalInformalFormaldiedeceasedaddyfatherblamechideguymanwestoccidentalpraiseeulogy幻灯片9SynonymswithdifferentconnotativemeaningslSynonymsmayhavedifferentemotiveassociations(connotativemeanings).

8、famousnotorious(disreputably)misuseabuse(ofprivilegeorpower)ambiguousequivo