The Study of Fossilization and Method to Solve20

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1、TheStudyofFossilizationandMethodtoSolve语言石化现象研究及解决办法Contents1.Introduction12.TheDefinitionofFossilization22.1WhatisFossilization22.2TheClassificationofFossilization42.3TheStabilizationandFossilization52.4IsFossilizationGlobalorLocal?63.BehavioralReflexesandCaus

2、alVariables113.1LackofAccesstoUniversalGrammar113.2QualityofInput113.3LackofSensitivitytoInput123.4AbsenceofCorrectiveFeedback123.5TheEmotionalState133.6CriticalPeriodHypothesis143.6.1CriticalPeriodEffectsonLanguageLearning154.SecondLanguageInstructionandFossil

3、ization164.1HowDoseInstructionAidAcquisition164.2HowDoseInstructionPromoteFossilization175.SummaryandConclusion17WorksCited...........................................................................................................18摘要语言石化现象已经成为二语学习者进一步提高语言能力的巨大

4、问题，而对于中国学生来说更是如此，外语学习到一定程度后，就总是处于一种似乎停滞不前的状态，至少看不到明显的进步，自己的外语听起来永远是外语，无法像本族语者那样运用自如，甚至有的学习者达到高级学习阶段时，整体外语水平与能力反不如从前。作者也遇到了这个问题，认为许多学生和老师也会遇到这样的问题，因此作者在这篇论文中探讨了语言石化。鉴于国内外大量的研究，语言石化有很多不同的定义和阐释，根据以前的研究，语言石化可以分为不同的类别。那就是语音石化，词素石化，句法石化，语篇石化，语义和语用石化。根据石化的程度可以分为暂时性石化和

5、永久性石化。如何区分暂时性石化和永久性石化，引起石化的原因是什么，在语言教学和学习过程中如何避免石化，这是写这篇论文的目的。因为作者的能力有限，解决石化的方法很多是引用前人的研究，将来还需要很多进一步的实证研究。关键词：语言石化；石化分类；石化原因；解决办法AbstractIt'suniversallyacknowledgedthatlanguagefossilizationhasbecomeabigproblemforL2learnerstobeverysuccessfulintheirlanguagelearni

6、ngoracquisition.ItisveryeasytodistinguishL2learnerfromnativespeakerbytheiraccent,wordchoiceandgrammaticalfeatures.Despiteoftheircontinuousexposuretolanguageinputandconsistentefforts,theybecomecaughtupsomewhereinthelearningprocessandfindthemselvesunabletoprogess

7、towardthetargetlanguage(TL);evensomeadvancedlearnershavebackslidintheirlanguagecompetence.Theauthoralsomeettheproblemandthinkthatalotofstudentsandteachershavetheproblem.Sotheauthorhastriedtoprobeintofossilization.Inthelightoftheefficiencyinthepreviousstudiesabr

8、oadandhome:therearemanydefinitionsandadequatedescriptionsaboutfossilization.Accordingtopreviousstudy,fossilizationcanbedividedintodifferentgroups.Thatis，phonetic,morphologic