the flouting of cooperative principle in rhetorical figures

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1、TheFloutingofCooperativePrincipleinRhetoricalFigures　　【Abstract】Gricebelievesthatconversationisgovernedbycertainconventions.Hearerstendtoassumespeakersareconformingwiththeseconventionsandifspeakersarenotconforming，theyhavegoodreasonsnotto.CooperativePrinci

2、ple（“CP”inbriefhereafter）istheconventionthatinterlocutorsfollowwhenstartingconversations.However，peopledon’tsatisfyallthedemandsoftheCPandsometimestheydeliberatelyfailtoobserveamaxim（ormaxims）tofulfilldifferentpurposes.Theuseofrhetoricalfiguresisonetypical

3、situationoffloutingtheCP.ThispaperanalyzedthereasonsandpragmaticfunctionsachievedbyfloutingofCPinrhetoricalfigures.　　【Keywords】CooperativePrinciple；rhetoricalfigures；flouting　　1.Introduction　　Tocommunicateinanaccurateandefficientway，bothspeakerandhearersho

4、uldtakeancooperativeattitude.Aroughgeneralprinciplemightbeformulatedwhichparticipantswillbeexpectedtoobserve，viz：　　Makeyourcontributionsuchasisrequired，atthestageatwhichitoccurs，bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged.Onemightl

5、abelthisCooperativePrinciple.（Grice1975）　　Grice’sCooperativePrincipleconsistsoffourpragmaticsub-principlesormaxims：Quantity；Quality；Relation；andManner.　　InTheoryofSpeechAct，somerhetoricalfiguresarecomplyingwiththeCPwhileothersviolateitonpurposetogenerateam

6、eaningthatisdifferentfromtheliteralmeaning，whichisknownas“conversationalimplicature”.So，fromthisperspective，aconversationalimplicatureisafloutingofthemaximofthequality.However，throughviolatingtheCP，notonlywillnotthefigurativewordscausemisunderstanding，buta

7、lsoaddextrainterest，pleasureorpolitenessintheconversationintheformofprovidingtoneoratmospheretodiscourse，illustratingvividexamplestostimulatethoughtorgivinglifetoinanimateobjects，etc.Indailycommunication，manyimplicitrhetoricalfiguresproducegreatpragmaticfu

8、nctionsbyfloutingtheCP.　　2.LiteratureReview　　Thereareanumberofproblemsoccurringbetweencooperatinghumans.Mey（2001）believesthatiftheexpectedcooperativebehaviorisnotforthcoming，conversationalimplicatureisgoingon