结缔组织病肺间质改变的诊治进展pps 疾病学术中心课件

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1、NEOPLASM（文字部分）Zhukeqing竺可青PathologyDepartmentZhejiangUniversitySchoolofMedicine2012-12Neoplasialiterallymeanstheprocessof"newgrowth,"andanewgrowthiscalledaneoplasm.Thetermtumorwasoriginallyappliedtotheswellingcausedbyinflammation.Neoplasmsalsomayinduceswellings,butbylongprecedent

2、,thenon-neoplasticusageoftumorhaspassedintolimbo;thus,thetermisnowequatedwithneoplasm.Oncology(Greekoncos=tumor)isthestudyoftumorsorneoplasms.Canceristhecommontermforallmalignanttumors.Althoughtheancientoriginsofthistermaresomewhatuncertain,itprobablyderivesfromtheLatinforcrab,ca

3、ncer-presumablybecauseacancer"adherestoanypartthatitseizesuponinanobstinatemannerlikethecrab."Tumor/neoplasm/neoplasia/MassBenigntumorsMalignanttumors/cancer我国常见恶性肿瘤依次为：胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、大肠癌、白血病及淋巴瘤、子宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌肿瘤是机体在各种致瘤因素作用下，局部组织的细胞在基因水平上失去对其生长的正常调控，导致克隆性异常增生而形成的新生物。这种新生物常形成局部肿块。Onc

4、ologyNeoplasticproliferation/clonal/clonalityNonneoplasticproliferation/polyclonalTumorigenicagent/carcinogen定义Aneoplasmisanabnormalmassoftissue,thegrowthofwhichexceedsandisuncoordinatedwiththatofthenormaltissuesandpersistsinthesameexcessivemanneraftercessationofthestimuliwhichev

5、okedthechange.Weknowthatthepersistenceoftumors,evenaftertheincitingstimulusisgone,resultsfromheritablegeneticalterationsthatarepasseddowntotheprogenyofthetumorcells.Thesegeneticchangesallowexcessiveandunregulatedproliferationthatbecomesautonomous(independentofphysiologicgrowthsti

6、muli),althoughtumorsgenerallyremaindependentonthehostfortheirnutritionandbloodsupply.Theentirepopulationofcellswithinatumorarisesfromasinglecellthathasincurredgeneticchange,andhencetumorsaresaidtobeclonal.1.肿瘤的一般形态和结构数目大小形状颜色硬度Alltumors,benignandmalignant,havetwobasiccomponents:

7、(1)proliferatingneoplasticcellsthatconstitutetheirparenchyma实质(2)supportivestroma间质madeupofconnectivetissueandbloodvessels.Parenchyma肿瘤细胞的总称，是肿瘤的主要成分决定肿瘤的生物学行为，用于识别肿瘤的组织来源肿瘤通常只有一种实质，但少数肿瘤可以含有多种实质Mesenchyma/stroma主要是结缔组织和血管，有时有淋巴管和少量神经纤维支持和营养肿瘤实质与肿瘤转移有关2.肿瘤的异型性atypia肿瘤组织无论在细胞形态和组织

8、结构上，都与其发源的正常组织有不同程度的差异。反映肿瘤组织的成熟程度（分化程度）