运营管理第14版蔡斯ipptappa

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1、LinearProgrammingUsingtheExcelSolverAppendixACopyright©2014byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinLearningObjectivesLOA–1:UseMicrosoftExcelSolvertosolvealinearprogrammingproblem.A-2BackgroundThekeytoprofitableoperationsismakingthebest

2、useofavailableresourcesofpeople,material,plantandequipment,andmoney.Today’smanagerhasapowerfulmathematicalmodelingtoolavailableforthispurposewithlinearprogramming.Inthispresentation,wewillshowhowtheuseoftheMicrosoftExcelSolvertosolveLPproblems.A-3IntroductionL

3、inearprogramming(LP)referstoseveralrelatedmathematicaltechniquesusedtoallocatelimitedresourcesamongcompetingdemandsinanoptimalway.LPisthemostpopularoftheapproachesfallingunderthegeneralheadingofmathematicaloptimizationtechniques.A-4UsesofLinearProgrammingAggre

4、gatesalesandoperationsplanning:findingtheminimum-costproductionscheduleService/manufacturingproductivityanalysis:comparinghowefficientlydifferentserviceandmanufacturingoutletsareusingtheirresourcesProductplanning:findingtheoptimalproductmixwhereseveralproducts

5、havedifferentcostsandresourcerequirementsProductrouting:findingtheoptimalwaytoproduceaproductthatmustbeprocessedsequentiallythroughseveralmachinecentersA-5UsesofLinearProgramming(continued)Vehicle/crewscheduling:findingtheoptimalwaytouseresourcessuchasaircraft

6、,buses,ortrucksProcesscontrol:minimizingtheamountofscrapmaterialgeneratedInventorycontrol:findingtheoptimalcombinationofproductstostockinanetworkofwarehousesorstoragelocationsA-6UsesofLinearProgramming(continued)Distributionscheduling:findingtheoptimalshipping

7、schedulefordistributingproductsbetweenfactoriesandwarehousesPlantlocationstudies:findingtheoptimallocationofanewplantbyevaluatingshippingcostsbetweenalternativelocationsMaterialhandling:findingtheminimum-costroutingsofmaterialhandlingdevicesbetweendepartmentsA

8、-7EssentialConditionsforLinearProgrammingtoPertainTheremustbelimitedresources.Theremustbeanexplicitobjective.Theremustbelinearity.Theremustbehomogeneity.Theremustbedivisibility.A-8