运营管理第14版蔡斯ipptchap007

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1、MANUFACTURINGPROCESSESChapterSevenCopyright©2014byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinLearningObjectivesLO7–1:Understandwhatamanufacturingprocessis.LO7–2:Explainhowmanufacturingprocessesareorganized.LO7–3:Analyzesimplemanufacturingpr

2、ocesses.7-2ProductionProcessesProductionprocessesareusedtomakeanymanufactureditem.Step1–SourcethepartsneededStep2–MaketheproductStep3–Delivertheproduct7-3ProductionProcessTermsLeadtime–thetimeneededtorespondtoacustomerorderCustomerorderdecouplingpoint–whereinv

3、entoryispositionedtoallowentitiesinthesupplychaintooperateindependentlyLeanmanufacturing–ameansofachievinghighlevelsofcustomerservicewithminimalinventoryinvestment7-4TypesofFirmsMake-to-StockServecustomersfromfinishedgoodsinventoryAssemble-to-OrderCombineanumb

4、erofpreassembledmodulestomeetacustomer’sspecificationsMake-to-OrderMakethecustomer’sproductfromrawmaterials,parts,andcomponentsEngineer-to-OrderWorkwiththecustomertodesignandthenmaketheproduct7-5Make-to-StockExamplesofproductsincludethefollowing:TelevisionsClo

5、thingPackagedfoodproductsEssentialissueinsatisfyingcustomersistobalancethelevelofinventoryagainstthelevelofcustomerservice.Easywithunlimitedinventory,butinventorycostsmoneyTrade-offbetweenthecostsofinventoryandlevelofcustomerservicemustbemade.Useleanmanufactur

6、ingtoachievehigherservicelevelsforagiveninventoryinvestment.7-6Assemble-to-OrderAprimarytaskistodefineacustomer’sorderintermsofalternativecomponentsbecausethesearecarriedininventory.AnexampleisthewayDellComputermakestheirdesktopcomputers.Onecapabilityrequiredi

7、sadesignthatenablesasmuchflexibilityaspossibleincombiningcomponents.Therearesignificantadvantagesfrommovingthecustomerorderdecouplingpointfromfinishedgoodstocomponents.7-7Make-to-Order/Engineer-to-OrderBoeing’sprocessformakingcommercialaircraftisanexample.Cust

8、omerorderdecouplingpointcouldbeineitherrawmaterialsatthemanufacturingsiteorthesupplierinventory.Dependingonhowsimilartheproductsare,itmightnotevenbepossibletopreorderparts.7-8HowPr