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1、Chapter9SleepandBiologicalRhythmsThismultimediaproductanditscontentsareprotectedundercopyrightlaw. Thefollowingareprohibitedbylaw:anypublicperformanceordisplay,includingtransmissionofanyimageoveranetwork;preparationofanyderivativework,includingtheextraction,inwholeorinpart,of
2、anyimages;anyrental,lease,orlendingoftheprogram.1APhysiologicalandBehavioralDescriptionStagesofSleepElectromyogram(EMG):Anelectricalpotentialrecordedfromanelectrodeplacedonamuscle.Electro-oculogram(EOG):Anelectricalpotentialfromtheeyes,recordedbymeansofelectrodesplacedonthesk
3、inaroundthem,detectseyemovements.2APhysiologicalandBehavioralDescriptionStagesofSleepAlphaactivity:Asmoothelectricalactivityof8–12Hzrecordedfromthebrain;generallyassociatedwithastateofrelaxation.Betaactivity:Irregularelectricalactivityof13–30Hzrecordedfromthebrain;generallyas
4、sociatedwithastateofarousal.3APhysiologicalandBehavioralDescriptionStagesofSleepThetaactivity:EEGactivityof3.5–7.5HzthatoccursintermittentlyduringearlystagesofslowwavesleepandREMsleep.Deltaactivity:Regular,synchronouselectricalactivityoflessthan4Hzrecordedfromthebrain;occursd
5、uringthedeepeststagesofslow-wavesleep.4Copyright©2004AllynandBacon5APhysiologicalandBehavioralDescriptionStagesofSleepREMsleep:AperiodofdesynchronizedEEGactivityduringsleep,atwhichtimedreaming,rapideyemovements,andmuscularparalysisoccur.Non-REMsleep:AllstagesofsleepexceptREMs
6、leep.Slow-wavesleep:Non-REMsleep,characterizedbysynchronizedEEGactivityduringitdeeperstages.6Copyright©2004AllynandBacon7DisordersofSleepInsomniaReportedtoaffectapproximately25%ofthepopulationoccasionally,and9%regularly.Thereappearstobenosingledefinitionofinsomnia.Oneofthemos
7、timportantcausesofinsomniaseemstobesleepingmedication.Insomniaisnotadisease,butrathermaybeasymptomofpain,discomfort,orotherphysicalailment.8DisordersofSleepInsomniaDrugdependencyinsomnia:Aninsomniacausedbythesideeffectsofeverincreasingdosesofsleepingmedications.Sleepapnea:Ces
8、sationofbreathingwhilesleeping.9DisordersofSleepNarcolepsyNarcolepsy
