lecture 8 定语从句attributive clause

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1、定语从句1InformationcondensedintheattributivemodifierAsEnglishisanoun-dominatedlanguage,thenounphrasehasahighfrequencyinusage.Mostnounphrasescontainnounswiththeirattributivemodifiers,whichcanbewords,phrasesorclauses.Themeaningoftheattributivemodifierhasbeengreatlyenlargedtocont

2、ainvariouspossibilitiesorvariouslogicalrelationsbetweenthemodifierandthecentralword,someofwhichcanhardlybeexpressedinChinesethroughthe“attributive+themodified“structure.Examples:1)warmweather:weatheroffairlyhightemperature暖和的天气warmclothes:clothesthatwillkeepapersonwarm保暖的衣服

3、2）agraphicaccount:anaccountthatisvividandfullofdetails生动的描述agraphicwriter:awriterwhosewritingsaregraphic文笔生动的作家Wecanseetheattributivemodifiersinthefirstoneofthesepairsaremodifiersintherealsense,butalltherestobviouslyimplymuchmoreloadedmeaningsandcanbeConsideredasshortorcond

4、ensedforms(withsomethingomitted).Nowstudythefollowingtranslationandseehowtheattributivemodifiersaretranslatedaccordingtotheirsemanticrelationswiththemodified.1)Ascause(1)Therewasanamazedsilence.SlowlyAlexanderturnedaway.人们一阵惊讶，默不作声，亚历山大慢慢转过身走了。2)Aspurpose(1)Thatisthespeechh

5、emadeattheappreciationbanquet.这是他在答谢宴会上的讲话。(2)Hissupervisorwasprobablyalreadypacingupanddownwithadismissalspeechrehearsed.他的上司大概在一边踱步，一边构思着用什么话解雇他。3）Asresult(1)Mikeleapedtohisfeet,movingwithsurprisingagility.迈克纵身跳了起来，动作敏捷的叫人感到吃惊。（2）HehadtheterrifyingfeelingthatifheletMikego

6、,hewouldbelost.他知道要是放走了迈克，他会茫然不知所措。想到这一点他心里很害怕。（3）Thereefsloomedinfrontofthemwithstartlingclarity.暗礁在他们面前慢慢露出了水面，清清楚楚，让人惊骇。4）Ofparallelmeaning(1)AliceandMarystoodinquietsorrwoforsometime.爱丽丝和玛丽伤心的站着，好一阵子谁也没有说话。Veryoftenattributivesaretranslatedintoadverbials:1Shewantedtofin

7、dalonelyplacetoshedprivatetears.她想找个没人的地方，自己一个人哭一场。2Wewentourseparatewayshomefromthetheatre.我们从戏院出来就各自回家。ThereisasayinginEnglish:Adjectivesareenemiesofnouns.Thisdoesnotmeanadjectivesareuseless,itisonlythattheyshouldbeusedwhennecessary.Iftheadjective(attributivemodifier)does

8、notofferanyadditionalinformationthatisnotcontainedinthemodified,suchanadjectivewou