英语专业语法书答案lecture 7 articles

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1、Lecture7Determiners(II)ArticlesInthepreviouslecturewetoucheduponthefactthatarticlesarethemosttypicalofdeterminers.Nowwewill1concentrateonthistopic.Englishhastwoarticles:thedefiniteandtheindefinitearticle.Asweknow,allEnglishcommonnounshavearticlecontrast,sowithpluralcountnounsandnoncoun

2、tnouns,theabsenceofanarticlesignalsthepresenceofanotherkindofarticle--thezeroarticle.ItisinthissensethatwemayalsosaythatEnglishhasthreearticles-thedefinite,theindefinite,andthezeroarticle.7.1GenericandspecificreferenceIndiscussingtheuseofarticleswemustdistinguishbetweengenericandspecif

3、icreference.1)GenericreferenceWhenwesaythereferenceisgeneric,wearetalkingaboutanymemberrepresentativeofaclassofpeopleorthings.Allthethreeformsofarticle(the,a(n),andzero)canbeusedgenericallytorefertothemembersofaclassasawhole.1ncertaincontexts,thedefinitearticlefollowedbyasingularcountn

4、ounoftenperformsagenericfunction.Thesamefunctioncanalsobeperformedbythedefinitearticlecombiningwithcertainadjectivesoradjectivalparticiples,eg:Galileoclaimedthathehadinventedthetelescope.Thehorsehasbeenreplacedbytherailroad,thewindshipandthesteamshipTherichgetricher,andthepoorgetchildr

5、en.Theoppressedandtheexploitedwantedtofreethemselvesfromtheoppressors.Genericreferencecanalsobedenotedbytheindefinitearticlefollowedbyasingularcountnoun.Thisisespeciallycommoningivingdefinitions.Insodoing,wecanalsousepluralandnoncountnounswithoutthepresenceofanydeterminer.Thismaybere

6、ferredtoasthegenericuseofthezeroarticle,eg:Anoxisausefulanimal.Carrotsaremyfavouritevegetables.Knowledgeispower.2)SpecificreferenceSpecificreferenceisdifferentfromgenericreferenceinthatitdoesnotrefertoaclassofpeopleorthingsingeneralbuttoaparticularspecimenoftheclass.Specificreferencef

7、allsintotwokinds:definitespecificreferenceandindefinitespecificreference.Definitespecificreferenceimpliesthatapersonoranobjectcanbeidentifieduniquelyinthecontextoraccordingtothecommonknowledgesharedbyspeakerandhearer.Thedefinitearticleismostfrequentlyusedinthissense,eg:OldTomownsadog