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1、Lecture5GenitiveNounCASEisagrammaticalcategory.Itdenotesthechangesintheformofanounorapronounshowingitsrelationshipwithotherwordsinasentence.AsmodernEnglishisbasicallyananalyticlan guage,EnglishnounshavenotacomplicatedcasesystemlikethatofLatin,German,ormodernRussi
2、an.ThedifferentgrammaticalfunctionsofEnglishnounsinasentencearemostlydeterminedbythewordorder,notbyanycaseform.Itisinthissensethatthegenitivecasemaybeviewedasarelicoftheoldcasesystem.Thegenitivewastraditionallylabelledasthe"possessivecase";however,inviewofthefact
3、that"possession"isjustoneofthemeaningsex pressedbythegenitive,weprefertousethepresentnameratherthanthetraditionalterm.5.1Formation,meaningsandusesofgenitivenouns1)FormationofgenitivenounsRulesofformationareasfollows:a)Thegenitiveisformedinwritingbyadding'stosingu
4、larnounsandtothosepluralnounsthatdonotendin-s,eg:mymother'sarrivalwomen'sclothesb)Pluralnounsendingin-stakeanapostropheasgenitivemarker,eg:thegirls'dormitoryateachers'collegec)Incompoundnounsorapostmodifiednounphrase,thegeni tiveendingisaddedtotheendofthecompound
5、ortotheendofthenounphrase,eg:mymother-in-law'sdeathanhourandahalf'stalksomebodyelse'sopiniontheUniversityofMinnesota'spresidentd)Incoordinatenouns,thegenitiveendingisaddedtoeachofthecoordinateelementswhendenotingrespectivepossession,andonlytothelastcoordinateelem
6、entwhendenotingcommonpossession.Compare:Mary'sandBob'sbooksMaryandBob'sbookse)Intheconstructionof"nounphrase+appositive",thegeni tiveendingisaddedtotheendoftheappositive.Itcanalsobeaddedbothtotheendofthenounphraseandtotheappositive.Baselthebookseller'sBasel's,the
7、bookseller'sf)Inpersonalnamesendinginsibilant/z/,thegenitiveend ingcaneitherbe'soranapostropheonly,butitcanonlybe'swhenpersonalnamesendinothersibilantsounds,eg:5Dickens'/Dickens'snovelsJones'/Jones'spoemsMarx'sdoctrineRoss'sdiscoveries2)MeaningsofgenitivenounsThe
8、genitiveischieflyusedtodenote"possession",andtherefore,istraditionallycalled"possessivecase".Butgenitivemeaningsarebynomeansrestrictedtopossession.Theycanbesum
